Control n=70 (%) | Intervention n=68 (%) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Age (mean) | 51.9 | 53.9 | 0.35 |
Gender | 0.49 | ||
Female | 50.0 | 55.9 | |
Male | 50.0 | 44.1 | |
Race | 0.88 | ||
Other | 5.71 | 4.41 | |
Black | 88.6 | 91.2 | |
White | 5.7 | 4.4 | |
Condition | 0.29 | ||
Fair | 31.4 | 29.4 | |
Good | 64.3 | 70.6 | |
Very good | 4.3 | 0.0 | |
Smoking | 0.37 | ||
No | 45.7 | 38.2 | |
Yes | 54.3 | 61.8 | |
Alcohol | 0.89 | ||
No | 40.0 | 41.2 | |
Yes | 60.0 | 58.8 | |
Education | 0.65 | ||
Beyond college | 11.4 | 13.2 | |
College | 8.6 | 5.9 | |
HS grad | 35.7 | 35.3 | |
Some HS | 10.0 | 4.4 | |
Some college | 32.9 | 41.2 | |
Married | 0.71 | ||
No | 42.9 | 39.7 | |
Yes | 57.1 | 60.3 | |
Insurance | 0.55 | ||
Medicaid | 7.1 | 5.9 | |
Medicare | 8.6 | 5.9 | |
None | 11.4 | 4.4 | |
Private | 58.6 | 66.2 | |
VA | 14.3 | 17.7 | |
Metformin | 0.12 | ||
No | 35.7 | 23.5 | |
Yes | 64.3 | 76.5 | |
Other T2DM Orals | 0.93 | ||
No | 81.4 | 80.9 | |
Yes | 18.6 | 19.1 | |
Antihypertensives | 0.51 | ||
No | 53.2 | 46.8 | |
Yes | 47.5 | 52.5 | |
Insulin | 0.85 | ||
No | 87.1 | 88.2 | |
Yes | 12.9 | 11.8 | |
Other drugs | 0.90 | ||
No | 78.6 | 79.4 | |
Yes | 21.4 | 20.6 | |
Surveys | |||
SF-12 physical Component Score: >50=no disability; 40–50=mild disability; 30–40=moderate disability; <30=severe disability (n=70, 63) | 39.8 | 42.7 | 0.08 |
SF-12 mental Component score: >50=no disability; 40–50=mild disability; 30–40=moderate disability; <30=severe disability (n=70, 63) | 47.7 | 48.8 | 0.46 |
General self-efficacy Max score=4.0, (n=6453) | 2.9 | 2.7 | 0.05* |
Clinical characteristics | |||
Systolic pressure (mmHg), (n=6868) | 142.4 | 142.8 | 0.87 |
Diastolic pressure (mmHg), (n=6868) | 84.7 | 86.2 | 0.26 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.0 | 33.6 | 0.01* |
HA1c (%) | 7.7 | 7.6 | 0.45 |
Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 164.1 | 161.1 | 0.37 |
Comorbidities | |||
DM complications | 0.50 | ||
No | 44.3 | 50.0 | |
Yes | 55.7 | 50.0 | |
Lung disorder | 0.58 | ||
No | 90.0 | 92.7 | |
Yes | 10.0 | 7.4 | |
High blood pressure | 0.78 | ||
No | 28.6 | 26.5 | |
Yes | 71.4 | 73.5 | |
Heart trouble | 0.77 | ||
No | 77.1 | 75.0 | |
Yes | 22.9 | 25.0 | |
Nervous disorder | 0.75 | ||
No | 77.1 | 79.4 | |
Yes | 22.9 | 20.6 | |
Digestive disease | 0.90 | ||
No | 78.6 | 79.4 | |
Yes | 21.4 | 20.6 | |
Cancer | 0.96 | ||
No | 91.4 | 91.2 | |
Yes | 8.6 | 8.8 | |
Kidney disease | 0.97 | ||
No | 94.3 | 94.1 | |
Yes | 5.7 | 5.9 | |
Arthritis | 0.87 | ||
No | 52.9 | 51.5 | |
Yes | 47.1 | 48.5 | |
Hepatitis | 0.97 | ||
No | 95.7 | 95.6 | |
Yes | 4.3 | 4.4 | |
History mother | 0.51 | ||
No | 21.4 | 17.7 | |
Yes | 78.5 | 82.4 | |
History father | 0.04* | ||
No | 31.4 | 48.5 | |
Yes | 68.6 | 51.5 | |
Perceived cohesion max score=10.0 (n=64, 53) | 8.5 | 8.1 | 0.12 |
SNI—Number of high-contact roles max score=12, (n=6963) | 5.9 | 5.6 | 0.38 |
SNI—Number of people in social network, (n=6963) | 12.1 | 11.1 | 0.30 |
SNI—Embedded network score max score=8, (n=6963) | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.12 |
Diabetes knowledge test max score=23, (n=6759) | 12.2 | 10.9 | 0.01* |
*Statistically significant at p=0.05.