Adjusted differences in cord leptin between Pakistani and White British infants
| Adjusted* difference in cord leptin for Pakistani-origin infants relative to White British-origin infants. Values are ratios of geometric means (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pakistani subgroups defined by place of birth of parents† | ||||||
| All Pakistani births, N=775 | Pakistani: both parents UK born, N=75 | Pakistani: mum only UK born, N=245 | Pakistani: dad only UK born, N=211 | Pakistani: both parents South Asian born, N=174 | Pakistani: other, N=70 | |
| Unadjusted cord leptin, N=1387 | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.21) N=775 | 1.10 (0.89 to 1.33) N=75 | 1.20 (1.06 to 1.36) N=245 | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.22) N=211 | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.23) N=174 | 1.01 (0.83 to 1.24) N=70 |
| Adjusted cord leptin‡, N=1186 | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.14) N=617 | 1.16 (0.93 to 1.45) N=58 | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.26) N=188 | 1.02 (0.88 to 1.18) N=174 | 0.99 (0.85 to 1.17) N=137 | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.04) N=60 |
| Cord leptin‡ (also with adjustment for birth weight) N=1186 | 1.30 (1.17 to 1.44) N=617 | 1.43 (1.17 to 1.76) N=58 | 1.33 (1.16 to 1.52) N=188 | 1.30 (1.14 to 1.49) N=174 | 1.26 (1.08 to 1.46) N=137 | 1.16 (0.95 to 1.43) N=60 |
Values are ratios of geometric means (95% CI).
*BMI, body mass index.
†Each of these generational subgroups is compared with the White British reference group.
‡To maintain statistical power, only those covariables that had an effect were included in the final model: smoking; maternal fasting glucose; maternal postload glucose; maternal fasting insulin; maternal BMI; and living with a partner.