Relative risks (RR) of dying at ages 1−79 in 1991−2005 by place of birth and ethnic group of Longitudinal Study members aged <65 in 1991
| Model 1: Age, sex and period adjusted RR | Model 2: RR also adjusted for socio-economic status and residence | Model 3: RR further adjusted for unobserved embarkations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate ratio | 95% CI | Rate ratio | 95% CI | Rate ratio | 95% CI | |
| Place of birth and ethnic group | ||||||
| Born in the UK | ||||||
| White | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Black Caribbean | 1.38 | (1.03 to 1.86) | 1.03* | (0.76 to 1.38) | 1.03* | (0.77 to 1.39) |
| Black African | 1.13 | (0.56 to 2.26) | 0.88 | (0.44 to 1.76) | 0.89 | (0.45 to 1.79) |
| Other Black | 0.89 | (0.51 to 1.58) | 0.68 | (0.39 to 1.20) | 0.68 | (0.39 to 1.20) |
| Indian | 0.88 | (0.59 to 1.31) | 0.83 | (0.55 to 1.23) | 0.83 | (0.55 to 1.24) |
| Pakistani | 0.99 | (0.60 to 1.62) | 0.83 | (0.51 to 1.36) | 0.83 | (0.51 to 1.36) |
| Bangladeshi | 0.55 | (0.14 to 2.19) | 0.36 | (0.09 to 1.43) | 0.36 | (0.09 to 1.43) |
| Chinese | 0.81 | (0.26 to 2.51) | 0.76 | (0.24 to 2.35) | 0.77 | (0.25 to 2.38) |
| Other Asian | 0.46 | (0.11 to 1.83) | 0.43 | (0.11 to 1.76) | 0.43 | (0.11 to 1.74) |
| Other | 0.86 | (0.53 to 1.41) | 0.78 | (0.48 to 1.28) | 0.79 | (0.48 to 1.28) |
| Born abroad | ||||||
| White | 0.94 | (0.88 to 0.99) | 0.90 | (0.84 to 0.95) | 0.91 | (0.85 to 0.96) |
| Black Caribbean | 0.80 | (0.70 to 0.93) | 0.64* | (0.56 to 0.74) | 0.66* | (0.57 to 0.76) |
| Black African | 1.03 | (0.79 to 1.35) | 0.76 | (0.58 to 1.00) | 0.79 | (0.60 to 1.04) |
| Other Black | 0.66 | (0.31 to 1.38) | 0.57 | (0.27 to 1.21) | 0.58 | (0.28 to 1.21) |
| Indian | 0.91 | (0.82 to 1.00) | 0.88 | (0.80 to 0.98) | 0.89 | (0.80 to 0.98) |
| Pakistani | 0.95 | (0.83 to 1.10) | 0.78 | (0.68 to 0.90) | 0.79 | (0.68 to 0.91) |
| Bangladeshi | 1.01 | (0.81 to 1.25) | 0.59 | (0.48 to 0.74) | 0.59 | (0.48 to 0.74) |
| Chinese | 0.81 | (0.61 to 1.08) | 0.68 | (0.51 to 0.91) | 0.70 | (0.52 to 0.93) |
| Other Asian | 0.66 | (0.50 to 0.89) | 0.62 | (0.47 to 0.83) | 0.65 | (0.48 to 0.86) |
| Other | 0.66 | (0.46 to 0.95) | 0.62 | (0.43 to 0.90) | 0.63 | (0.44 to 0.91) |
| Car ownership | ||||||
| 1+ cars | 1 | 1 | ||||
| No car | 1.40 | (1.36 to 1.45) | 1.40 | (1.36 to 1.45) | ||
| Housing tenure | ||||||
| Owner occupier | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Tenant—social | 1.41 | (1.36 to 1.45) | 1.41 | (1.36 to 1.45) | ||
| Tenant—private | 1.27 | (1.19 to 1.35) | 1.28 | (1.20 to 1.36) | ||
| Socioeconomic classification | ||||||
| Higher managerial and professional | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Lower managerial and professional | 1.17 | (1.10 to 1.24) | 1.17 | (1.10 to 1.24) | ||
| Intermediate | 1.31 | (1.24 to 1.39) | 1.31 | (1.24 to 1.39) | ||
| Lower | 1.47 | (1.39 to 1.56) | 1.47 | (1.39 to 1.56) | ||
| Routine | 1.66 | (1.55 to 1.77) | 1.66 | (1.55 to 1.76) | ||
| Other | 2.14 | (2.00 to 2.28) | 2.14 | (2.00 to 2.29) | ||
| Area of residence | ||||||
| Non-metropolitan | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Inner London | 1.01 | (0.95 to 1.08) | 1.02 | (0.96 to 1.09) | ||
| Outer London | 0.99 | (0.94 to 1.04) | 0.99 | (0.94 to 1.04) | ||
| Other Metropolitan | 1.06 | (1.03 to 1.10) | 1.06 | (1.03 to 1.10) | ||
Source: Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study.
*Ratio of Black Caribbean Born in UK/Born abroad, model 2: p=0.005; model 3: p=0.007.