Knowledge, beliefs and practices with respect to three major lifestyle issues in the intervention and control areas in the baseline and follow-up surveys (design-based analysis)*
| Intervention areas (I) | Comparison area (C) | p Value† for I versus C | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | p Value‡ | Baseline | Follow-up | p Value‡ | Baseline | Follow-up | |
| Knowledge and belief | ||||||||
| Health hazards of tobacco, mean±SE | 5.0±0.1 | 5.7±0.1 | <0.001 | 5.2±0.1 | 6.4±0.1 | <0.001 | 0.115 | <0.001 |
| Impact of diet on health, mean | 2.0±0.04 | 1.7±0.05 | <0.001 | 2.0±0.04 | 2.1±0.04 | 0.073 | 0.234 | <0.001 |
| Benefits of regular physical activity, mean | 5.4±0.1 | 5.0±0.1 | 0.013 | 5.3±0.1 | 5.0±0.1 | 0.429 | 0.333 | 0.441 |
| Lifestyle behaviours | ||||||||
| Current smoking prevalence (%) | 25.2±1.4 | 18.7±1.3 | <0.001 | 18.0±1.2 | 16.4±1.2 | 0.343 | <0.001 | 0.188 |
| Among men (%) | 48.7±2.3 | 38.7±2.4 | 0.003 | 36.9±2.2 | 35.7±2.3 | 0.708 | <0.001 | 0.374 |
| Among women (%) | 2.2±0.7 | 1.5±0.6 | 0.411 | 1.0±0.4 | 0.9±0.4 | 0.932 | 0.113 | 0.400 |
| FV consumption, mean | 24.8±0.4 | 26.0±0.4 | 0.036 | 24.3±0.4 | 26.7±0.4 | <0.001 | 0.266 | 0.183 |
| Metabolic equivalent of physical activity (MET-minutes/week), median (P25, P75) | 1204 (495, 2373) | 1386 (693, 2457) | 0.023 | 918 (398, 1836) | 924 (438, 1980) | 0.201 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Proportion of IPAQ categories, % | ||||||||
| Low | 29.4±1.5 | 25.2±1.5 | 0.041 | 34.4±1.5 | 32.5±1.5 | 0.088 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 51.1±1.6 | 53.2±1.7 | 51.4±1.6 | 49.7±1.6 | ||||
| High | 19.4±1.3 | 21.7±1.4 | 14.2±1.1 | 17.8±1.2 | ||||
| Potential SHS | ||||||||
| Adults having noticed people smoking in any of nine settings (%) | 78.9±1.3 | 66.5±1.6 | <0.001 | 76.3±1.3 | 66.5±1.5 | <0.001 | 0.169 | 0.990 |
| Places where they had seen someone smoking, mean | 2.03±0.06 | 1.36±0.05 | <0.001 | 2.07±0.06 | 1.42±0.05 | <0.001 | 0.596 | 0.423 |
| SHS per day among non-smokers (%) | ||||||||
| 0 min | 47.2±1.9 | 56.0±1.9 | <0.001 | 49.6±1.8 | 65.5±1.7 | <0.001 | 0.568 | 0.001 |
| 1–20 min | 36.4±1.8 | 33.6±1.8 | 33.3±1.7 | 24.4±1.5 | ||||
| 21–60 min | 9.1±1.1 | 6.8±1.0 | 9.4±1.0 | 6.8±0.9 | ||||
| >60 min | 7.3±1.0 | 3.6±0.7 | 7.8±0.9 | 3.3±0.6 | ||||
*Results were presented as mean±SE or percentage±SE.
†Statistical tests for differences between intervention and comparison areas in the baseline (or follow-up) survey.
‡Statistical tests for before-after differences in the intervention (or comparison) areas.
FV, fruit and vegetable; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaires; MET, metabolic equivalent of physical activity; SHS, secondhand smoke.