Pooled estimates for the lowest versus the highest socioeconomic category and incidence of gastric cancer in a series of subgroup analyses
| Subgroup | Education | Income | Occupation | Combined | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | RII (95% CI); I2 | n | RII (95% CI); I2 | n | RII (95% CI); I2 | n | RII (95% CI); I2 | |
| Overall | 26 | 2.97 (1.93 to 4.58); 98.7% | 10 | 1.25 (0.93 to 1.68) | 4 | 4.33 (2.57 to 7.29) | 4 | 2.64 1.05 to 6.63) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | 9 | 2.32 (1.62 to 3.31), 89.6% | 1 | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.13) | – | – | – | – |
| Women | 9 | 1.84 (1.32 to 2.56), 93.4% | 1 | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | – | – | – | – |
| Country's income group | ||||||||
| High income | 19 | 2.65 (1.64 to 4.30), 99.0% | 4 | 1.09 (0.76 to 1.56), 79.3% | 3 | 6.79 (3.42 to 13.50), 0.0% | 3 | 4.50 (0.84 to 24.16), 77.3% |
| Middle income | 7 | 5.11 (2.71 to 9.65), 24.3% | 6 | 1.48 (0.61 to 3.58), 79.3% | 1 | 3.06 (2.10 to 4.8) | 1 | 1.36 (0.52 to 3.60) |
| Low income | ||||||||
| Geographical area | ||||||||
| Asia | 9 | 3.55 (1.57 to 8.00), 93.3% | 6 | 1.00 (0.88 to 1.53), 22.9% | 1 | 3.06 (2.10 to 4.48) | 1 | 1.36 (0.52 to 3.60) |
| Europe | 11 | 2.92 (1.37 to 6.19), 99.1 | 1 | 5.91 (0.68 to 51.75) | 3 | 6.79 (3.42 to 13.50), 0.0% | 2 | 2.18 (0.59 to 8.09), 47.2% |
| Latin America | 2 | 2.05 (0.33 to 13.01), 0.0% | 1 | 6.98 (3.30 to 14.76) | – | – | ||
| USA/Canada | 4 | 2.37 (0.99 to 5.69), 95.9% | 1 | 1.49 (1.15 to 1.93) | 1 | 15.19 (2.78 to 82.5) | ||
| Adjustment | ||||||||
| Unadjusted | 17 | 3.59 (1.88 to 6.85), 98.4% | 7 | 1.39 (0.71 to 2.71), 78.0% | 3 | 4.48 (2.41 to 8.33), 50.3% | 2 | 11.45 (2.99 to 43.86), 0.0% |
| Minimal | 2 | 2.09 (1.56 to 2.79), 0.0% | 1 | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | – | – | 2 | 1.48 (1.15 to 1.91), 0.0% |
| Maximal | 6 | 2.08 (1.17 to 3.72), 98.3% | 1 | 1.49 (1.15 to 1.93) | 1 | 7.52 (2.57 to 7.29) | – | – |
| Design | ||||||||
| Case–control | 17 | 3.73 (1.93 to 5.90), 96.3% | 8 | 1.38 (0.86 to 2.21), 79.2% | 2 | 4.44 (1.78 to 11.04), 69.5% | 2 | 2.28 (0.51 to 10.21), 44.4% |
| Cohort | 9 | 1.91 (1.48 to 2.48), 93.5% | 2 | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01), 0.0% | 2 | 5.75 (2.15 to 7.29), 0.0% | 2 | 4.07 (0.43 to 38.75), 85.8% |
| Type of control | ||||||||
| Hospital-based | 10 | 4.09 (1.98 to 8.45), 96.0% | 5 | 2.46 (0.71 to 8.50), 81.8% | 2 | 4.44 (1.78 to 11.04), 69.5% | 2 | 2.28 (0.51 to 10.21), 44.4% |
| Population-based | 7 | 2.58 (1.57 to 4.22), 83.2% | 3 | 0.87 (0.44 to 1.74), 81.8% | ||||
| Length of follow-up | ||||||||
| <10 | 4 | 2.81 (1.57 to 5.02), 88.9% | 1 | 1.28 (0.25 to 6.62) | 1 | 7.52 (0.24 to 231.167) | 1 | 1.49 (1.15 to 1.94) |
| ≥10 | 5 | 1.85 (0.92 to 3.73), 96.6% | 1 | 5.62 (2.01 to 11.67) | 1 | 15.19 (0.51 to 10.21) | ||
RII, relative index of inequality.