Selected characteristics of participants included in the analyses for the full sample and by categories (quartiles) of the distance between home and workplace (miles), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (n=1503)
| Overall | Distance 0.0–1.7 | Distance 1.7–4.0 | Distance 4.0–7.9 | Distance 7.9–89.2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or per cent | Mean (SD) or per cent | Mean (SD) or per cent | Mean (SD) or per cent | Mean (SD) or per cent | p Value* | |
| Age (years) | 59.6 (7.4) | 60.1 (7.8) | 59.3 (7.3) | 60.1 (7.7) | 58.9 (6.8) | 0.0724 |
| Gender (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Male | 49.3 | 45.9 | 42.8 | 48.1 | 60.4 | |
| Female | 50.7 | 54.1 | 57.2 | 51.9 | 39.6 | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 42.4 | 50.1 | 39.1 | 42.6 | 38.0 | |
| Non-Hispanic Chinese | 10.8 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 9.3 | 18.1 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 27.1 | 16.3 | 30.9 | 31.6 | 29.5 | |
| Hispanic | 19.7 | 25.9 | 22.1 | 16.5 | 14.4 | |
| State of residence (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| California | 13.2 | 9.1 | 12.0 | 13.6 | 18.1 | |
| Illinois | 21.0 | 27.2 | 14.9 | 17.0 | 24.7 | |
| Maryland | 11.0 | 7.5 | 8.8 | 13.6 | 14.1 | |
| Minnesota | 17.0 | 18.9 | 18.6 | 14.6 | 15.7 | |
| New York | 20.7 | 31.2 | 26.3 | 16.8 | 8.5 | |
| North Carolina | 15.7 | 4.8 | 18.1 | 23.1 | 16.8 | |
| Other | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.1 | |
| Income (US dollars) | 65 786 (33 264) | 62 363 (35 200) | 63 197 (31 730) | 65 697 (33 546) | 71 905 (31 740) | 0.0003 |
| Education | 14.3 (3.4) | 14.2 (3.5) | 14.1 (3.7) | 14.3 (3.2) | 14.8 (3.2) | 0.0117 |
| Working status (%) | 0.0043 | |||||
| Employed full-time | 78.9 | 77.1 | 75.8 | 76.1 | 86.7 | |
| Employed part-time | 14.2 | 16.8 | 15.7 | 16.8 | 7.4 | |
| Retired, working | 6.8 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 5.9 | |
| Missing | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0% | |
| Hours per week at workplace in winter | 40.4 (13.9) | 39.3 (14.3) | 40.6 (13.2) | 40.5 (14.2) | 41.2 (13.7) | 0.2850 |
| Hours per week at workplace in summer | 38.3 (16.0) | 36.2 (16.9) | 38.5 (15.7) | 38.7 (15.7) | 39.8 (15.4) | 0.0217 |
| Distance between home and workplace (miles) | 6.0 (7.0) | 0.8 (0.5) | 2.7 (0.7) | 5.7 (1.1) | 14.8 (9.1) | <0.0001 |
| Home and workplace within the same census tract (%) | 4.7 | 18.1 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | <0.0001 |
| Home and workplace 1-mile buffers overlap (%) | 29.8 | 100.0 | 19.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.8 (5.8) | 28.2 (5.8) | 29.4 (5.8) | 29.0 (6.0) | 28.6 (5.5) | 0.0428 |
*p Value from χ2 for categorical variables and one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables.