Findings on inequalities in intervention effect by SES
| Intervention type and intervention | Outcome type | Findings |
| Education, communication and information | ||
| Individual or group education (with or without resource provision) | Parents' child safety behaviours | No difference (13 analyses) or reduced inequalities (3 analyses) by SES (housing tenure/employment status; N of primary studies unclear)14 |
| Printed communication materials | Awareness of folic acid benefits | Increased inequalities by SES (measure unclear; 1 primary study)15 |
| Media campaigns | Smoking behaviour | Increased inequalities by SES (education/income; 18 primary studies)16 |
| Media campaigns | Folic acid intake | Increased inequalities by SES (measure unclear) from national campaign; with additional targeted component, no difference (1 primary study)15 |
| Health warnings on tobacco products | Smoking behaviour | No difference by SES (education; 2 primary studies)17 |
| Multi-component settings-based interventions | ||
| Multi-component school-based interventions | Physical activity and/or healthy eating behaviours | Increased inequalities by SES (income/area-level disadvantage; two primary studies)18No difference by SES (occupational class/income; 3 primary studies)19 |
| School-based interventions | Smoking behaviour | No data found20 |
| Multi-component community-based interventions | Physical activity behaviour | No difference by SES (education/income; 2 primary studies)21 |
| Community-based interventions | Smoking behaviour | No data found20 |
| Resource provision and fiscal interventions | ||
| Free fruit provision in schools | Healthy eating behaviours | No difference (5 analyses) or reduced inequalities (1 analysis) by SES (parental education/income; 1 primary study)* 22 |
| Free folic acid supplements | Folic acid intake | Reduced inequalities by SES (income; 1 primary study)15 |
| Tobacco price increases | Smoking behaviour | Reduced inequalities by SES (occupation/income), but increased inequalities by SES (education; ≥5 primary studies)17Reduced inequalities by SES (occupational status; 1 primary study)23 |
| Regulatory and workplace interventions | ||
| Restrictions on tobacco sales to minors | Smoking-related outcomes | No data found17 23 |
| Restrictions on tobacco advertising | Smoking-related outcomes | No data found17 |
| Workplace interventions to increase employee control or participation; changes to working hours | Various health status outcomes | Reduced inequalities by SES (occupational status; 5 systematic reviews)24 |
| Workplace smoking bans | Smoking-related outcomes | Increased inequalities by SES (occupational status/education/income; 6 primary studies)17 |
| Other interventions | ||
| Housing, transport, unemployment and welfare, agriculture and food, water and sanitation, adult education | Any health status outcome | No data found25 |
↵* This presentation follows the analysis reported in the primary study26 rather than that in the review itself.