Per cent increase of stroke mortality associated with 10 μg/m3 increase in air pollutant concentrations (average of pollution levels lagged 0, 1, 2 and 3 days) by secondary diagnosis in Shanghai, China, 2003–2008 (mean and 95% CI)*
| Primary diagnosis | Pollutant | Comorbid condition | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | Diabetes | Cardiac diseases | |||||
| With | Without | With | Without | With | Without | ||
| Stroke | PM10 | 0.17 (−0.15 to 0.48) | 0.56 (0.16 to 0.96) | 0.52 (−0.30 to 1.35) | 0.29 (0.03 to 0.55) | 0.56 (−0.06 to 1.17) | 0.27 (−0.01 to 0.54) |
| SO2 | 0.78 (0.18 to 1.39) | 1.51 (0.73 to 2.29) | 1.49 (−0.10 to 3.07) | 1.01 (0.51 to 1.51) | 2.04 (0.87 to 3.22) | 0.87 (0.35 to 1.39) | |
| NO2 | 0.84 (0.05 to 1.64) | 1.82 (0.80 to 2.85) | 2.26 (0.17 to 4.36) | 1.10 (0.44 to 1.76) | 2.63 (1.08 to 4.17) | 0.94 (0.25 to 1.62) | |
| Ischaemic stroke | PM10 | 0.31 (−0.21 to 0.84) | 0.74 (0.18 to 1.30) | 3.08 (−1.90 to 8.06) | 0.40 (0.01 to 0.80) | 1.80 (−0.20 to 3.81) | 0.17 (−0.25 to 0.60) |
| SO2 | 0.79 (−0.22 to 1.80) | 1.78 (0.70 to 2.87) | 5.21 (−7.69 to 18.11) | 1.03 (0.25 to 1.80) | 5.19 (0.54 to 9.84) | 0.67 (−0.15 to 1.49) | |
| NO2 | 0.91 (−0.42 to 2.24) | 2.48 (1.05 to 3.91) | 12.15 (−2.82 to 27.11) | 1.27 (0.25 to 2.29) | 7.05 (1.92 to 12.17)* | 0.60 (−0.49 to 1.68)* | |
| Haemorrhagic stroke | PM10 | −1.87 (−2.61 to −1.14) | 0.32 (−2.46 to 3.10) | 0.10 (−1.66 to 1.86) | 0.04 (−0.47 to 0.55) | 5.27 (−4.11 to 14.66) | 0.11 (−0.41 to 0.64) |
| SO2 | −2.23 (−3.68 to −0.78) | 2.41 (−4.67 to 9.49) | 1.52 (−1.81 to 4.86) | 0.78 (−0.21 to 1.77) | 18.35 (−6.80 to 43.50) | 0.77 (−0.25 to 1.79) | |
| NO2 | −0.25 (−2.10 to 1.60) | −0.38 (−8.06 to 7.31) | 2.00 (−2.50 to 6.50) | 1.45 (0.14 to 2.75) | 18.44 (−10.22 to 47.10) | 1.61 (0.27 to 2.95) | |
*p<0.05.
NO2, nitrogen dioxide; PM10, particles with size <10 µm; SO2, sulfur dioxide.