Table 1

Trends in death rates per 100 000 population by cause, weighted means, 114 US cities 1929–1937

Cause of death192919301931193219331934193519361937*
All-cause1273.41204.81197.81159.51148.21189.11182.71251.71232.5
Heart disease245.5248.0250.2260.5269.8286.6292.4317.6323.2
Cancer118.6121.7123.0125.4128.7135.2138.9144.6146.9
Pneumonia117.299.0102.892.584.292.793.8105.9101.1
Nephritis97.994.791.189.886.186.183.084.080.7
Cerebral haemorrhage75.569.668.467.867.369.068.471.979.8
Respiratory tuberculosis69.665.863.157.655.653.552.554.152.2
Congenital malformations65.963.758.854.651.152.249.850.010.1
Other external causes55.153.450.846.746.452.449.257.90.0
Flu30.311.117.318.313.99.511.513.316.9
Automobile accidents (primary)26.226.427.023.524.326.925.225.326.2
Diabetes24.123.826.328.127.829.329.231.632.1
Appendicitis20.720.320.019.018.718.416.316.415.4
Suicide18.119.920.521.619.617.916.616.617.0
Under 2 diarrhoea and enteritis15.315.111.78.98.69.47.28.27.6
Hernia14.013.213.413.213.013.213.213.713.5
Homicide10.711.311.511.111.311.59.89.29.0
Liver cirrhosis9.910.110.49.910.511.411.912.913.1
Other puerperal causes7.97.67.16.76.15.65.35.34.8
Diphtheria7.85.04.03.42.42.32.11.71.6
Other forms of tuberculosis7.06.86.45.45.04.74.34.40.0
Puerperal septicaemia6.05.35.44.64.44.54.83.93.4
Unknown or ill defined5.96.66.04.23.83.84.14.70.0
Whooping cough4.83.03.23.22.33.21.92.02.5
Bronchitis4.84.23.73.43.03.12.93.20.0
Tuberculosis of the meninges4.23.73.32.82.62.52.32.20.0
Rheumatism and gout4.14.03.73.73.63.33.33.10.0
Erysipelas2.92.22.21.81.81.61.81.61.0
Scarlet fever2.32.22.52.82.32.02.31.91.3
Measles2.12.62.91.51.92.41.70.90.8
Typhoid1.91.91.91.61.51.51.21.21.1
Malaria0.40.40.30.30.70.60.70.50.4
Smallpox0.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Cerebrospinal meningitisNA5.63.92.21.51.43.63.72.3
SyphilisNA11.812.012.112.312.712.513.613.5
Age >2 diarrhoea and enteritisNA4.33.42.93.13.12.72.72.6
Automobile accidents (secondary)NA1.41.20.91.01.11.01.11.3
All other196.3159.3158.3147.6151.5154.7155.0160.8251.4*
  • Numbers do not sum to the total all-cause rate because of rounding errors.

  • * All other includes unclassified diseases. Classification changes in 1937 combined several categories and disaggregated others. For simplicity, we have categorised these deaths in the all-other category for 1937.

  • Prohibition ended in 1933.