Prevalence of community-, household- and individual-level variables among respondents
| Variable | Current use of modern contraception (%) | Any ANC during pregnancy (%) | SBA (%) |
| Community-level variables | |||
| CHW presence | ** | *** | *** |
| No CHW (reference group) | 12.7 | 23.1 | 14.1 |
| At least one female CHW | 19.4 | 45.8 | 26.2 |
| Only male CHW | 14.0 | 23.6 | 14.2 |
| Average walking time to nearest health facility from each Enumeration Unit (EU) | ** | *** | *** |
| <2 h (reference group) | 18.3 | 39.9 | 25.4 |
| 2 to <3 h | 13.9 | 32.5 | 12.4 |
| 3 to <4 h | 9.1 | 19.4 | 16.4 |
| ≥4 h | 10.8 | 14.7 | 6.3 |
| Household- and individual-level variables | |||
| Wealth status | *** | *** | *** |
| Poorest 40% (reference group) | 10.0 | 22.4 | 9.5 |
| Middle 40% | 16.2 | 37.0 | 21.0 |
| Least poor 20% | 27.8 | 48.0 | 38.3 |
| Mother's age† | *** | * | |
| <20 yrs (reference group) | 9.5 | 37.4 | 22.8 |
| 20–24 yrs | 11.1 | 31.9 | 17.3 |
| 25–29 yrs | 15.4 | 29.8 | 17.5 |
| 30–34 yrs | 19.8 | 32.9 | 20.3 |
| 35–49 yrs | 17.1 | 28.2 | 17.6 |
| Mother's education | *** | *** | *** |
| No education (reference group) | 15.0 | 31.1 | 17.8 |
| Some education | 24.8 | 50.3 | 38.1 |
| Parity | *** | ** | |
| ≤2 children | 9.2 | 34.6 | 22.6 |
| 3–4 children | 15.2 | 30.3 | 15.6 |
| 5–7 children | 18.8 | 30.9 | 16.8 |
| >7 children | 17.7 | 34.0 | 21.9 |
| Other women in household | ** | * | |
| No other married woman (reference) | 16.5 | 33.2 | 19.9 |
| 1–2 other married woman | 13.1 | 34.2 | 19.1 |
| 2 or more other married women | 12.8 | 18.9 | 11.3 |
| Prevalence in overall sample | 15.5 | 32.3 | 19.0 |
| N | 6269 | 3098 | 3118 |
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
Tests of independence are based on Pearson χ2 statistic corrected for survey design.
↵† Mother's age at time of survey (for use of modern contraception); mother's age at time of birth (for use of ANC and SBA).
ANC, antenatal care; CHW, community health workers; SBA, skilled birth attendance.