Boys | Girls | |||||||||
OR (95% CI) | Family affluence | OR (95% CI) | Family affluence | |||||||
Low | Medium | High | p Value | Low | Medium | High | p Value | |||
Material factors | ||||||||||
Family structure | ||||||||||
Both parents (ref.) | 1.00 | 60.5 | 71.5 | 77.8 | 0.000 | 1.00 | 62.3 | 70.2 | 786.8 | 0.000 |
Single parent family | 1.66 (1.28 to 2.16) | 28.3 | 17.8 | 10.6 | 1.76 (1.40 to 2.25) | 26.8 | 15.9 | 10.1 | ||
Stepfamily | 1.48 (1.04 to 2.11) | 5.8 | 7.4 | 8.9 | 1.82 (1.39 to 2.38) | 7.7 | 11.3 | 10.9 | ||
Perceived family wealth | ||||||||||
Very/quite well off (ref.) | 1.00 | 47.4 | 53.6 | 71.8 | 0.000 | 1.00 | 45.8 | 50.7 | 67.8 | 0.000 |
Average/not so/not at all well off | 1.79 (1.45 to 2.21) | 50.0 | 45.0 | 26.7 | 1.71 (1.42 to 2.06) | 53.3 | 48.0 | 30.8 | ||
(Food) poverty | ||||||||||
Never (ref.) | 1.00 | 83.0 | 84.9 | 88.2 | 0.006 | 1.00 | 81.6 | 85.7 | 90.9 | 0.000 |
Sometimes/often/always | 1.90 (1.45 to 2.48) | 15.7 | 14.6 | 11.0 | 2.73 (2.17 to 3.45) | 17.8 | 14.2 | 8.9 | ||
Psychosocial factors | ||||||||||
Talk to mother | ||||||||||
Easy (ref.) | 1.00 | 77.0 | 77.1 | 80.9 | 0.044 | 1.00 | 73.5 | 78.1 | 79.6 | 0.018 |
Difficult | 1.77 (1.39 to 2.26) | 20.7 | 19.5 | 16.8 | 2.52 (2.06 to 3.10) | 23.7 | 18.4 | 17.1 | ||
Talk to father | ||||||||||
Easy (ref.) | 1.00 | 53.4 | 64.2 | 72.4 | 0.000 | 1.00 | 35.5 | 47.7 | 55.3 | 0.000 |
Difficult | 1.76 (1.42 to 2.18) | 43.5 | 34.0 | 25.9 | 2.25 (1.85 to 2.75) | 63.1 | 50.2 | 42.3 | ||
School support (parents) | ||||||||||
High (ref.) | 1.00 | 30.1 | 29.0 | 36.0 | 0.000 | 1.00 | 28.1 | 33.8 | 38.2 | 0.000 |
Middle | 1.15 (0.85 to 1.54) | 26.4 | 31.0 | 29.2 | 0.90 (0.77 to 1.28) | 26.3 | 29.2 | 31.2 | ||
Low | 2.10 (1.61 to 2.72) | 41.4 | 38.5 | 33.3 | 2.07 (1.66 to 2.58) | 43.9 | 35.4 | 29.6 | ||
Close female friends | ||||||||||
≥2 (ref.) | 1.00 | 47.6 | 47.5 | 52.7 | 0.010 | 1.00 | 89.9 | 93.1 | 94.9 | 0.001 |
<2 | 0.92 (0.74 to 1.14) | 47.6 | 48.2 | 42.0 | 1.75 (1.25 to 2.45) | 8.3 | 6.2 | 4.3 | ||
Close male friends | ||||||||||
≥2 (ref.) | 1.00 | 91.6 | 92.9 | 94.3 | 0.117 | 1.00 | 52.2 | 55.7 | 54.3 | 0.041 |
<2 | 1.90 (1.30 to 2.77) | 7.1 | 6.0 | 4.4 | 0.78 (0.64 to 0.94) | 41.7 | 40.4 | 42.5 | ||
Going out with friends after school | ||||||||||
≥2 days (ref.) | 1.00 | 78.8 | 81.4 | 83.9 | 0.079 | 1.00 | 75.0 | 79.0 | 81.9 | 0.002 |
<2 days | 1.26 (0.96 to 1.66) | 18.6 | 16.2 | 13.5 | 1.71 (1.34 to 2.13) | 22.8 | 18.1 | 15.2 | ||
Talk to best friend | ||||||||||
Easy (ref.) | 1.00 | 68.3 | 74.5 | 76.5 | 0.004 | 1.00 | 82.0 | 86.8 | 88.7 | 0.002 |
Difficult | 1.14 (0.89 to 1.47) | 24.9 | 21.8 | 19.8 | 1.78 (1.35 to 2.34) | 14.7 | 10.2 | 9.1 | ||
Classmate support | ||||||||||
High (ref.) | 1.00 | 27.2 | 26.6 | 28.7 | 0.110 | 1.00 | 29.6 | 33.3 | 33.6 | 0.000 |
Middle | 1.53 (1.13 to 2.06) | 41.6 | 42.2 | 44.9 | 1.43 (1.13 to 1.82) | 39.9 | 39.9 | 45.3 | ||
Low | 2.95 (2.19 to 3.98) | 29.6 | 29.6 | 24.9 | 2.59 (2.02 to 3.30) | 28.1 | 25.1 | 19.8 | ||
Satisfaction with school | ||||||||||
Like it a lot (ref.) | 1.00 | 78.8 | 82.3 | 82.6 | 0.361 | 1.00 | 82.0 | 83.8 | 85.9 | 0.132 |
Don't like it | 2.50 (1.97 to 3.17) | 20.9 | 17.2 | 17.0 | 3.09 (2.49 to 3.83) | 17.6 | 15.5 | 13.4 | ||
Teaching quality | ||||||||||
High (ref.) | 1.00 | 25.7 | 29.5 | 29.8 | 0.440 | 1.00 | 25.9 | 28.0 | 30.1 | 0.298 |
Middle | 2.10 (1.55 to 2.85) | 41.6 | 41.3 | 40.7 | 1.95 (1.48 to 2.58) | 41.4 | 40.3 | 40.6 | ||
Low | 3.40 (2.47 to 4.66) | 31.4 | 28.7 | 28.5 | 3.28 (2.47 to 4.37) | 31.4 | 30.9 | 28.1 | ||
Academic achievement | ||||||||||
Very good/good (ref.) | 1.00 | 47.9 | 44.9 | 50.3 | 0.044 | 1.00 | 45.2 | 49.8 | 52.3 | 0.079 |
Average/below average | 1.49 (1.20 to 1.84) | 50.6 | 53.7 | 48.1 | 2.09 (1.72 to 2.54) | 53.1 | 48.5 | 46.1 | ||
School-related stress | ||||||||||
Not at all/a little (ref.) | 1.00 | 73.0 | 73.9 | 77.4 | 0.102 | 1.00 | 72.2 | 74.0 | 76.9 | 0.165 |
Some/a lot | 1.63 (1.30 to 2.04) | 23.3 | 25.1 | 21.5 | 1.89 (1.56 to 2.30) | 26.5 | 24.9 | 21.8 | ||
Behavioural factors | ||||||||||
Smoking | ||||||||||
Infrequent/non-smoking (ref.) | 1.00 | 90.3 | 91.4 | 92.1 | 0.428 | 1.00 | 86.9 | 87.5 | 91.8 | 0.000 |
Regular | 2.57 (1.87 to 3.54) | 9.7 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 2.67 (2.08 to 3.45) | 13.1 | 12.1 | 8.0 | ||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||
Less than every week (ref.) | 1.00 | 89.8 | 86.0 | 84.4 | 0.019 | 1.00 | 92.5 | 90.5 | 90.9 | 0.450 |
Daily or at least every week | 1.69 (1.22 to 2.29) | 7.1 | 9.9 | 12.2 | 1.93 (1.41 to 2.64) | 5.7 | 7.2 | 6.3 | ||
Physical activity | ||||||||||
On 6 or 7 days (ref.) | 1.00 | 28.0 | 28.7 | 31.5 | 0.081 | 1.00 | 19.1 | 19.3 | 23.8 | 0.006 |
<6 days | 1.23 (0.97 to 1.56) | 69.6 | 69.3 | 67.4 | 1.40 (1.09 to 1.78) | 77.9 | 78.5 | 74.7 | ||
Breakfast consumption | ||||||||||
Daily (ref.) | 1.00 | 54.7 | 64.6 | 72.1 | 0.000 | 1.00 | 44.9 | 57.5 | 65.6 | 0.000 |
Less than daily | 1.38 (1.11 to 1.71) | 42.7 | 34.2 | 26.6 | 2.17 (1.80 to 2.62) | 52.4 | 41.3 | 33.3 | ||
Fruits consumption | ||||||||||
Daily (ref.) | 1.00 | 28.3 | 27.7 | 31.6 | 0.174 | 1.00 | 36.6 | 40.2 | 43.3 | 0.023 |
Less than daily | 1.42 (1.12 to 1.81) | 70.4 | 71.3 | 67.4 | 1.32 (1.09 to 1.60) | 61.4 | 58.7 | 55.8 | ||
Vegetable consumption | ||||||||||
Daily (ref.) | 1.00 | 17.8 | 16.7 | 19.6 | 0.322 | 1.00 | 25.2 | 28.4 | 30.6 | 0.024 |
Less than daily | 1.16 (0.88 to 1.54) | 80.6 | 82.0 | 79.2 | 1.29 (1.04 to 1.59) | 72.8 | 70.5 | 68.6 | ||
Sweets consumption | ||||||||||
Less than daily (ref.) | 1.00 | 75.7 | 73.4 | 72.4 | 0.750 | 1.00 | 28.3 | 26.3 | 27.5 | 0.083 |
Daily | 0.96 (0.76 to 1.22) | 23.3 | 25.2 | 26.3 | 1.05 (0.86 to 1.29) | 69.9 | 72.9 | 71.9 | ||
Soft drinks consumption | ||||||||||
Less than daily (ref.) | 1.00 | 71.5 | 75.4 | 79.2 | 0.008 | 1.00 | 26.8 | 16.9 | 11.9 | 0.000 |
Daily | 1.53 (1.21 to 1.92) | 27.2 | 23.2 | 19.8 | 1.66 (1.33 to 2.07) | 71.5 | 82.3 | 87.2 |
Bold=significant ORs (95% CI does not include 1).
↵* Separate logistic regression models for boys and girls, adjusted for age.