Current caregiving | Long-term caregiving | |
HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
Unadjusted | 1.87 (1.48 to 2.36) | 2.37 (1.49 to 3.77) |
Demographics adjusted* | 1.43 (1.12 to 1.82) | 1.95 (1.21 to 3.15) |
Socioeconomic status adjusted† | 1.37 (1.08 to 1.75) | 1.88 (1.17 to 3.02) |
Health risk factor weighted‡ | 1.35 (1.06 to 1.71) | 1.85 (1.15 to 2.97) |
Comorbid conditions weighted§ | 1.36 (1.07 to 1.74) | 1.91 (1.18 to 3.09) |
Self-assessed health weighted¶ | 1.32 (1.04 to 1.69) | 1.83 (1.13 to 2.96) |
Recipient memory illness weighted** | 1.35 (1.06 to 1.68) | 1.95 (1.19 to 3.18) |
Each model used all 8472 eligible HRS sample members. The current caregiving models assess the risk associated with ≥14 h/week in a given survey waves for CVD outcome at the next wave compared with those who provided <14 h/week; they had 1669 events and 50 138 person-years of follow-up. The long-term caregiving models assess the risk associated with ≥14 h/week in two consecutive survey waves for CVD outcome at the next wave; they had 1095 events and 34 430 person-years of follow-up.
↵* Adjusted for demographic covariates: race, Hispanic ethnicity, baseline age and age squared, and gender.
↵† Adjusted for demographic, SES and recipient's cognitive status covariates: mother's education, missing indicator for mother's education, own education, baseline per capita income and Southern region of birth.
↵‡ Adjusted for demographic and SES and inverse probability weighted for health risk factors: vigorous physical activity, current drinking, current smoking, ever smoking, missing indicator for ever smoking status and body mass index.
↵§ Adjusted for demographic and SES and inverse probability weighted for health risk factors and comorbid conditions: self-reported history of hypertension and diabetes.
↵¶ Adjusted for demographic and SES and inverse probability weighted for health risk factors, comorbid conditions and self-assessed health: self-rated health, CES-D score over 3, missing indicator for CES-D score, own IADL and own ADL limitation.
↵** Adjusted for demographic and SES and inverse probability weighted for health risk factors, comorbid conditions, self-assessed health and recipient's memory illness diagnosis.
ADL, activity of daily living; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HRS, Health and Retirement Study; IADL instrumental activity of daily living; SES, socioeconomic status.