Study type | Author(s) and year | Study population and data source | WS theory* | WS regimes† | Social inequality measure | Outcome | Main findings | Study characteristics | |||||||||||
E-A | F | H et al | O | SD | C | L | S | E | O | 1+ C‡ | CEV§ | Subgroup¶ | Level of analysis | ||||||
Population health | Coburn (2004)56 |
| X | X | X | na |
|
| X | X | gender | population | |||||||
Navarro and Shi (2001)36 |
| X | X | X | X | X | n/a | –Infant mortality rate | –IMR: SD <C, L, S | X | X | population | |||||||
Tapia Granados (2010)58 |
| X | X | X | X | n/a |
|
| X | population | |||||||||
Theorell and Vogel (2003)51 |
| X | X | X | X | X | X | na |
| –Patterns depend on health outcome; considerable within-regime type variation | gender | Individual | |||||||
Health inequalities | Bambra et al (2009)43 |
| X | X | X | X | X | X | Gender; education | –Poor self-rated health | –No consistent patterns: Gender inequalities in SRH and gender inequalities stratified by education varied by country, rather than welfare regime | X | Individual | ||||||
Health inequalities | Burstrom et al (2010)62 |
| X | X | X | X | Type of mother (lone vs coupled) |
|
| Individual | |||||||||
Farfan-Portet et al (2010)63 |
| X | X | Caregiving status | –Poor self-rated health | –Inequalities in SRH: Lower odds for women in L and C; Mixed results for men in L; Higher odds for men in C | gender | Individual | |||||||||||
Lahelma and Arber (1994)55 |
| X | X | X | Occupational class | –Limiting longstanding illness | –Inequalities in LLI: L <SD for men and women | gender | Individual | ||||||||||
Sacker et al (2011)64 |
| X | X | X | X | X** | Social position†† | –Poor self-rated health |
| Individual |
↵* E-A=Esping-Andersen13 14; F=Ferrera21; H et al=Huber and Stephens19 or Huber, Ragin and Stephens20; O=other.
↵† SD=social democratic/Scandinavian/encompassing; C=conservative/Christian democratic/Bismarckian/corporatist; L=liberal/Anglo-Saxon/basic security; S=southern/ex-dictatorships; E=eastern/post-communist; O=other.
↵‡ 1+ C = >1 country to represent each regime.
↵§ CEV=contextual explanatory variables (CEV) included in analysis either as the focal independent or control variable. CEV were defined as political determinants of the welfare state (eg, number of vote to left parties) or specific policies/direct policy outcomes (eg, decommodification levels).
↵¶ Subgroup = analyses stratified by subgroups.
↵** O=radical welfare state.
↵†† Advantaged social position=white male with tertiary level education and above-average household income who is cohabiting and employed in a non-routine occupation.
IMR, infant mortality rate; OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; SRH, self-rated health.