Prevalence of self-reported health according to age, occupation, and mediating factors
Men (N=6038) | Women (N=6383) | |||||
N | Percentage | Percentage poor health | N | Percentage | Percentage poor health | |
Self-reported health | ||||||
Good | 4887 | 81.14 | 4896 | 76.91 | ||
Poor | 1136 | 18.86 | 1470 | 23.09 | ||
Age group | **** | **** | ||||
18;29 | 1270 | 21.03 | 11.45 | 1369 | 21.45 | 13.54 |
30;39 | 1693 | 28.04 | 13.27 | 1897 | 29.72 | 17.49 |
40;49 | 1643 | 27.21 | 21.86 | 1727 | 27.06 | 26.57 |
50 or more | 1432 | 23.72 | 28.58 | 1390 | 21.78 | 35.84 |
Socio-economic status (SES)—occupation | **** | **** | ||||
Managers, professionals | 603 | 10.06 | 14.81 | 675 | 10.69 | 20.72 |
Technicians and associate professionals | 1964 | 32.77 | 16.36 | 1843 | 29.19 | 19.99 |
Clerical support workers | 410 | 6.84 | 13.27 | 1033 | 16.36 | 19.92 |
Service and sales workers | 900 | 15.02 | 18.04 | 1269 | 20.10 | 21.98 |
Manual workers | 2116 | 35.31 | 23.87 | 1493 | 23.65 | 30.94 |
Psychosocial factors | ||||||
Marital status | **** | **** | ||||
Married or living with partner | 4128 | 69.05 | 20.44 | 4058 | 64.06 | 22.55 |
Never married and not living with partner | 1335 | 22.33 | 12.25 | 1101 | 17.38 | 16.92 |
Separated or widowed | 515 | 8.61 | 23.69 | 1176 | 18.56 | 30.66 |
No of children | **** | **** | ||||
No child | 2031 | 34.14 | 13.43 | 1675 | 26.57 | 17.10 |
At least one child | 3918 | 65.86 | 21.77 | 4628 | 73.43 | 25.21 |
Unpaid work | NS | **** | ||||
Q1 | 2106 | 34.88 | 17.55 | 1000 | 15.67 | 19.52 |
Q2 | 1697 | 28.11 | 19.98 | 1619 | 25.36 | 22.89 |
Q3 | 1042 | 17.26 | 20.62 | 836 | 13.10 | 29.46 |
Q4 (high) | 1193 | 19.76 | 18.07 | 2928 | 45.87 | 22.60 |
Work–life imbalance | **** | **** | ||||
Q1 | 1439 | 25.16 | 15.03 | 1265 | 20.75 | 15.43 |
Q2 | 1490 | 26.05 | 14.31 | 1585 | 26.00 | 18.29 |
Q3 | 1604 | 28.04 | 20.04 | 1826 | 29.95 | 24.53 |
Q4 (high) | 1187 | 20.75 | 27.48 | 1420 | 23.29 | 32.65 |
Social support | **** | **** | ||||
High | 4907 | 86.86 | 17.19 | 5304 | 88.15 | 19.94 |
Low | 742 | 13.14 | 26.22 | 713 | 11.85 | 42.08 |
Social network | NS | * | ||||
Q1 | 1060 | 18.06 | 18.21 | 1456 | 23.34 | 21.43 |
Q2 | 1863 | 31.74 | 18.84 | 2019 | 32.37 | 22.09 |
Q3 | 1363 | 23.22 | 17.90 | 1394 | 22.35 | 22.74 |
Q4 (low) | 1584 | 26.98 | 20.52 | 1368 | 21.93 | 26.54 |
Social participation | * | * | ||||
More than one activity | 3294 | 8.03 | 14.92 | 467 | 7.43 | 19.27 |
One activity | 2181 | 36.64 | 19.93 | 2455 | 39.04 | 22.39 |
None | 478 | 55.33 | 18.81 | 3366 | 53.53 | 24.18 |
Trust level | **** | **** | ||||
Confident | 3817 | 72.31 | 16.41 | 4054 | 73.05 | 20.40 |
Not confident/careful | 1462 | 27.69 | 23.07 | 1496 | 26.95 | 27.56 |
Social exclusion | **** | **** | ||||
Q1 | 1615 | 28.78 | 12.01 | 1715 | 29.25 | 13.00 |
Q2 | 1436 | 25.59 | 17.55 | 1554 | 26.51 | 19.18 |
Q3 | 1282 | 22.84 | 19.50 | 1321 | 22.53 | 25.89 |
Q4 (high) | 1279 | 22.79 | 26.82 | 1273 | 21.71 | 36.06 |
Material factors | ||||||
Housing conditions | **** | **** | ||||
0 problem | 3832 | 64.22 | 15.50 | 3874 | 61.42 | 19.44 |
1 problem | 1351 | 22.64 | 21.76 | 1568 | 24.86 | 24.74 |
2 problems or more | 784 | 13.14 | 29.59 | 865 | 13.71 | 36.18 |
Crowding | *** | **** | ||||
<1 | 3253 | 55.03 | 17.09 | 3471 | 55.39 | 20.66 |
≥1 | 2658 | 44.97 | 21.14 | 2796 | 44.61 | 25.89 |
Material deprivation | **** | **** | ||||
No deprivation | 3350 | 59.71 | 13.52 | 3122 | 53.22 | 14.07 |
1–2 deprivations | 1078 | 19.22 | 20.48 | 1243 | 21.19 | 24.32 |
3–5 deprivations | 779 | 13.89 | 29.29 | 1035 | 17.64 | 33.24 |
6 deprivations or more | 403 | 7.18 | 32.75 | 466 | 7.94 | 48.37 |
Financial problems | **** | **** | ||||
No | 4417 | 76.01 | 15.96 | 4481 | 73.10 | 18.34 |
Yes | 1394 | 23.99 | 28.60 | 1649 | 26.90 | 35.85 |
Neighbourhood problems | *** | **** | ||||
Q1 | 1880 | 32.20 | 15.70 | 1808 | 29.46 | 17.41 |
Q2 | 1150 | 19.70 | 19.60 | 1158 | 18.87 | 20.35 |
Q3 | 1580 | 27.06 | 20.70 | 1705 | 27.78 | 24.87 |
Q4 (high) | 1229 | 21.05 | 20.26 | 1466 | 23.89 | 29.07 |
Quality of public services | **** | **** | ||||
Q1 | 1336 | 27.12 | 14.69 | 1417 | 27.95 | 16.58 |
Q2 | 1194 | 24.23 | 16.67 | 1175 | 23.18 | 21.08 |
Q3 | 1242 | 25.21 | 20.18 | 1350 | 26.63 | 26.21 |
Q4 (low) | 1155 | 23.44 | 23.28 | 1128 | 22.25 | 29.47 |
Access to medical services | **** | **** | ||||
Q1 | 2358 | 47.26 | 14.86 | 2290 | 41.67 | 17.13 |
Q2 | 710 | 14.23 | 20.14 | 861 | 15.67 | 21.74 |
Q3 | 1036 | 20.77 | 25.29 | 1284 | 23.37 | 28.81 |
Q4 (low) | 885 | 17.74 | 28.68 | 1060 | 19.29 | 33.59 |
Occupational factors | ||||||
Economic activity | **** | **** | ||||
Fishing/agriculture | 307 | 5.87 | 26.06 | 157 | 2.79 | 29.49 |
Industry | 1186 | 22.66 | 22.03 | 727 | 12.93 | 29.70 |
Construction | 711 | 13.58 | 18.48 | 111 | 1.97 | 18.02 |
Service | 3030 | 57.89 | 17.23 | 4628 | 82.30 | 22.07 |
No of hours per week | *** | *** | ||||
Less than 32 h | 414 | 7.12 | 23.49 | 1420 | 22.90 | 21.51 |
32–48 | 3903 | 67.11 | 17.56 | 4063 | 65.53 | 22.67 |
More than 48 h | 1499 | 25.77 | 20.76 | 717 | 11.56 | 28.67 |
Daily commuting time | ** | * | ||||
Less than 60 min | 4058 | 74.60 | 21.35 | 4384 | 76.08 | 25.40 |
60 min or more | 1382 | 25.40 | 17.84 | 1378 | 23.92 | 21.83 |
Dangerous working conditions | **** | **** | ||||
No | 3535 | 59.70 | 15.33 | 4742 | 76.20 | 20.69 |
Yes | 2386 | 40.30 | 23.90 | 1481 | 23.80 | 30.56 |
Job insecurity | **** | **** | ||||
Low | 4963 | 87.21 | 17.42 | 5156 | 86.35 | 21.13 |
High | 728 | 12.79 | 25.76 | 815 | 13.65 | 35.02 |
Psychological demands | ** | **** | ||||
Low | 3052 | 51.68 | 17.49 | 3590 | 58.02 | 20.79 |
High | 2854 | 48.32 | 20.04 | 2598 | 41.98 | 26.00 |
Decision latitude at work | ** | **** | ||||
High | 3223 | 54.55 | 17.03 | 3329 | 53.68 | 20.43 |
Low | 2685 | 45.45 | 20.60 | 2872 | 46.32 | 25.94 |
Reward | **** | **** | ||||
High | 3371 | 57.64 | 14.70 | 2917 | 47.45 | 17.11 |
Low | 2477 | 42.36 | 24.34 | 3230 | 52.55 | 28.22 |
Responsibility for supervising others | NS | ** | ||||
No | 3547 | 59.57 | 19.04 | 4591 | 72.87 | 24.01 |
Yes | 2407 | 40.43 | 18.68 | 1709 | 27.13 | 20.87 |
χ2 test: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001.
Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4: quartiles of scores in the whole sample.
Other variables (household tenure, work contract and additional paid job) were not significantly associated with self-reported health.