Table 2

Logistic regression analysis of immunisation coverage for DPT3 and measles, socio-demographic and socio-economic variables, and distances to immunisation services

Variables	Baseline (n=247)
	Immunised	(%)	Crude			Adjusted
	Immunised	(%)	OR	95% CI	p Value	OR	95% CI	p Value
DPT3
Child sex
Male	97/120	(80.8)	1.00			1.00
Female	90/127	(70.9)	0.58	0.32 to 1.05	0.07	0.61	0.33 to 1.14	0.14
Age of caretaker
<20	13/18	(72.2)	1.00			1.00
20–29	107/136	(78.7)	1.41	0.47 to 4.31	0.54	1.81	0.55 to 5.82	0.33
30–39	55/77	(71.4)	0.96	0.31 to 3.02	0.95	1.33	0.38 to 4.15	0.64
≥40	12/16	(75.0)	1.15	0.25 to 5.34	0.86	0.97	0.26 to 6.38	0.97
Head of household
Female	20/30	(66.7)	0.60	0.26 to 1.36	0.22	0.71	0.29 to 1.72	0.45
Male	167/217	(77.0)	1.00			1.00
Monthly income (Kwacha)
<250000	77/103	(74.8)	1.00			1.00
≥250000	110/144	(76.4)	1.09	0.61 to 1.97	0.77	0.99	0.54 to 1.88	0.99
Distance to health facility (metres)
<593	59/70	(84.3)	1.00			1.00
593–842	43/55	(78.2)	0.67	0.27 to 1.66	0.38	0.62	0.25 to 1.57	0.31
843–1107	54/68	(79.4)	0.72	0.30 to 1.72	0.46	0.75	0.31 to 1.86	0.54
≥1108	31/54	(57.4)	0.25	0.11 to 0.58	<0.01	0.24	0.10 to 0.56	<0.01
Measles
Child sex
Male	87/120	(72.5)	1.00			1.00
Female	78/127	(61.4)	0.58	0.32 to 1.05	0.07	0.68	0.39 to 1.18	0.17
Age of caretaker
<20	10/18	(55.6)	1.00			1.00
20–29	95/136	(69.9)	1.85	0.68 to 5.03	0.23	2.00	0.69 to 5.80	0.20
30–39	49/77	(63.6)	1.25	0.45 to 3.53	0.67	1.54	0.52 to 4.59	0.44
≥40	11/16	(68.8)	3.47	0.73 to 16.53	0.12	1.98	0.45 to 8.56	0.37
Head of household
Female	14/30	(46.7)	0.38	0.18 to 0.83	<0.05	0.42	0.19 to 0.95	<0.05
Male	151/217	(69.6)	1.00			1.00
Monthly income (Kwacha)
<250000	67/103	(65.0)	1.00			1.00
≥250000	98/144	(68.1)	1.15	0.67 to 1.96	0.62	1.03	0.59 to 1.82	0.91
Distance to health facility (metres)
<593	52/70	(74.3)	1.00			1.00
593–842	36/55	(65.5)	0.67	0.30 to 1.42	0.28	0.61	0.28 to 1.35	0.22
843–1107	48/68	(70.6)	0.72	0.39 to 1.76	0.63	0.84	0.39 to 1.84	0.42
≥1108	29/54	(53.7)	0.25	0.19 to 0.86	<0.05	0.38	0.17 to 0.83	<0.05

Variables	4-year follow-up (n=268)
	Immunised	(%)	Crude			Adjusted
	Immunised	(%)	OR	95% CI	p Value	OR	95% CI	p Value
DPT3
Child sex
Male	122/139	(87.8)	1.00			1.00
Female	112/129	(86.8)	0.92	0.45 to 1.89	0.82	0.89	0.42 to 1.88	0.75
Age of caretaker (years)
<20	23/25	(92.0)	1.00			1.00
20–29	105/121	(86.8)	0.57	0.12 to 2.66	0.48	0.44	0.09 to 2.14	0.31
30–39	88/102	(86.3)	0.55	0.12 to 2.58	0.45	0.41	0.08 to 2.00	0.27
≥40	18/20	(90.0)	0.78	0.10 to 6.11	0.82	0.60	0.08 to 4.90	0.64
Head of household
Female	30/36	(83.3)	0.70	0.26 to 1.80	0.44	0.75	0.27 to 2.03	0.57
Male	204/232	(87.9)	1.00			1.00
Monthly income (Kwacha)
<250000	67/80	(83.8)	1.00			1.00
≥250000	167/188	(88.8)	1.54	0.73 to 3.26	0.26	1.61	0.74 to 3.50	0.23
Distance to health facility (metres)
0–593	53/59	(89.8)	1.00			1.00
593–842	65/74	(87.8)	0.82	0.27 to 2.44	0.72	0.78	0.26 to 2.38	0.66
843–1107	52/61	(85.2)	0.65	0.22 to 1.97	0.45	0.66	0.21 to 2.05	0.47
≥ 1108	64/74	(86.5)	0.73	0.25 to 2.12	0.56	0.69	0.23 to 2.06	0.50
Distance to GMP+ (metres)
0–119	62/67	(92.5)	1.00			1.00
120–173	56/67	(83.6)	0.41	0.13 to 1.26	0.12	0.37	0.12 to 1.14	0.08
174–247	57/67	(85.1)	0.46	0.15 to 1.43	0.18	0.46	0.14 to 1.45	0.18
≥ 248	59/74	(88.1)	0.60	0.18 to 1.92	0.39	0.58	0.18 to 1.90	0.37
Measles
Child sex
Male	106/139	(76.3)	1.00			1.00
Female	98/129	(76.0)	0.92	0.45 to 1.89	0.82	0.91	0.50 to 1.64	0.75
Age of caretaker
<20	18/25	(72.0)	1.00			1.00
20–29	89/121	(73.6)	1.08	0.41 to 2.83	0.87	0.98	0.36 to 2.68	0.98
30–39	81/102	(79.4)	1.50	0.55 to 4.06	0.43	1.28	0.46 to 3.62	0.64
≥40	16/20	(80.0)	1.56	0.38 to 6.31	0.54	1.44	0.34 to 6.08	0.62
Head of household
Female	25/36	(69.4)	0.67	0.31 to 1.46	0.32	0.75	0.34 to 1.66	0.47
Male	179/232	(77.2)	1.00			1.00
Monthly income (Kwacha)
<250000	62/80	(77.5)	1.00			1.00
≥250000	142/188	(75.5)	0.90	0.48 to 1.67	0.73	0.88	0.46 to 1.68	0.70
Distance to health facility (metres)
0–593	48/59	(81.4)	1.00			1.00
593–842	56/74	(75.7)	0.71	0.31 to 1.66	0.72	0.68	0.29 to 1.60	0.37
843–1107	44/61	(72.1)	0.59	0.25 to 1.40	0.45	0.54	0.22 to 1.30	0.17
≥1108	56/74	(75.7)	0.71	0.31 to 1.66	0.56	0.68	0.29 to 1.62	0.38
Distance to the nearest GMP+ (metres)
0–119	53/67	(79.1)	1.00			1.00
120–173	44/67	(65.7)	0.51	0.23 to 1.10	0.08	0.51	0.23 to 1.13	0.10
174–247	53/67	(79.1)	1.00	0.44 to 2.30	1.00	1.05	0.45 to 2.47	0.91
≥248	54/67	(80.6)	1.10	0.47 to 2.55	0.83	1.15	0.49 to 2.71	0.75

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