Table 4

OR and 95% CI* of poor developmental outcomes by socioeconomic position (SEP) group

Outcome by age in years†SEP group (Reference group 1 is least disadvantaged; group 5 is most disadvantaged)Test for association p value‡Test for non-linearity p value§Test for age interaction p value
2345
Socio-emotional competence0.80
 2–3, 4–5 and 6–7 y combined0.9 (0.8 to 1.1)1.1 (0.9 to 1.3)1.2 (1.0 to 1.4)1.5 (1.3 to 1.8)<0.0010.009
Socio-emotional difficulties<0.001
 2–31.3 (1.0 to 1.8)1.5 (1.1 to 1.9)1.5 (1.1 to 1.9)2.7 (2.1 to 3.5)<0.0010.005
 4–51.1 (0.9 to 1.5)1.5 (1.1 to 1.9)2.3 (1.8 to 3.0)4.2 (3.2 to 5.6)<0.001<0.001
 6–71.4 (1.1 to 1.8)1.4 (1.1 to 1.9)1.7 (1.3 to 2.1)3.5 (2.7 to 4.4)<0.001<0.001
Communication<0.001 (a), <0.001 (b)
 0–11.0 (0.8 to 1.3)1.1 (0.8 to 1.4)1.1 (0.8 to 1.4)0.9 (0.7 to 1.2)0.650.84
 2–3 (a: MCDI)1.3 (1.0 to 1.8)1.7 (1.3 to 2.2)1.6 (1.2 to 2.1)2.6 (2.0 to 3.4)<0.0010.13
 2–3 (b: CSS)1.0 (0.8 to 1.2)1.1 (0.9 to 1.5)1.2 (0.9 to 1.6)1.6 (1.2 to 2.1)0.0010.49
 6–71.2 (0.9 to 1.7)1.5 (1.0 to 2.2)1.7 (1.2 to 2.4)3.2 (2.3 to 4.5)<0.0010.05
Vocabulary<0.001
 2–31.3 (0.9 to1.8)1.6 (1.1 to 2.1)1.5 (1.1 to 2.1)2.7 (2.0 to 3.6)<0.0010.13
 4–51.8 (1.2 to 2.5)2.0 (1.4 to 2.8)3.2 (2.3 to 4.6)6.0 (4.2 to 8.6)<0.001<0.001
 6–71.7 (1.2 to 2.4)2.3 (1.7 to 3.2)3.4 (2.5 to 4.7)4.8 (3.5 to 6.5)<0.0010.98
Emergent literacy0.51 (a), <0.001 (b)
 4–51.5 (1.1 to 2.1)1.9 (0.4 to 2.6)2.6 (1.9 to 3.5)3.6 (2.6 to 4.9)<0.0010.58
 6–7 (a: maths)1.4 (1.0 to 2.0)1.9 (1.4 to 2.6)2.4 (1.7 to 3.2)4.0 (3.0 to 5.4)<0.0010.12
 6–7 (b: language)2.0 (1.4 to 2.8)3.1 (2.1 to 4.4)3.6 (2.6 to 5.1)7.4 (5.3 to 10.2)<0.0010.16

  • ↵* All models adjusted for age of child's primary carer and child gender.

  • ↵† ‘Problem defined as an outcome score in poorest 15% for age-group.

  • ↵‡ p Value for logistic regression of SEP and outcome.

  • ↵§ p Value for test of non-linearity in the relationship between SEP group and outcome.

  • ↵ p Value for test of interaction between SEP and age group.