Fatal cardiovascular disease outcomes: HRs from different Cox proportional hazards models for 38 355 Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study subjects free of cardiovascular disease at baseline, with adjustment for behavioural, social and physiological risk factor combinations
| Model 1: adjusted for age, sex and country of birth | Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, country of birth and behavioural risk factors¶ | Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, country of birth and social connection** | Model 4: adjusted for age, sex, country of birth and physiological risk factors†† | Model 5: model 2 and model 4 combined | Model 6: models 2, 3 and 4 combined | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Highest level of education attained | ||||||
| Completed tertiary* | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Completed secondary† | 1.25 (0.88 to 1.77) | 1.14 (0.80 to 1.62) | 1.23 (0.86 to 1.75) | 1.15 (0.81 to 1.64) | 1.05 (0.74 to 1.49) | 1.05 (0.73 to 1.49) |
| Some secondary‡ | 1.21 (0.87 to 1.67) | 1.06 (0.76 to 1.47) | 1.19 (0.86 to 1.65) | 1.07 (0.77 to 1.48) | 0.94 (0.68 to 1.31) | 0.95 (0.68 to 1.31) |
| Primary only§ | 1.66 (1.10 to 2.49)‡‡ | 1.41 (0.94 to 2.12) | 1.65 (1.10 to 2.47)‡‡ | 1.36 (0.90 to 2.06) | 1.17 (0.77 to 1.76) | 1.18 (0.78 to 1.77) |
| Percentage reduction from model 1 in excess risk (HR comparing primary only vs tertiary) | 38 | 2 | 45 | 74 | 73 | |
| p Value for trend across education levels | ||||||
| 0.041 | 0.219 | 0.042 | 0.297 | 0.778 | 0.730 | |
↵* Completed tertiary degree, diploma or higher.
↵† Completed secondary education, trade certificate or some study towards a tertiary degree.
↵‡ Some secondary education.
↵§ No school, or primary school only.
↵¶ Current smoking, frequency of fruit and vegetable intake, saturated fat intake, physical activity, alcohol intake for both drinkers and non-drinkers.
↵** Living alone, hours spent on social activity.
↵†† Prior diabetes, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, cholesterol and fasting status at time of blood collection.
↵‡‡ p Value <0.05.