Spectrum of interventions for primary healthcare (PHC) in the 21st century
| Issue | Therapeutic and rehabilitative | Preventive (including health education) | Community mobilisation | Intersectoral action | Advocacy and policy |
| Adequate and health-promoting nutrition | Treating malnourished children Weight reduction groups | Education on healthy diet and health risks associated with poor nutrition | Community-based growth monitoring to identify malnourished Community exploration of underlying causes of food insecurity Community monitoring of foods stocked by retailers and their prices | School provision of healthy food Cultivating and using traditional foods Community gardens Farmers' markets | Advocating for sustainable agriculture Government regulation of food industry For: Adequate income support to buy food and/or subsidies on basic foods Against: Advertising of high fat and sugar to children Against: International agricultural policies that reduce control of local farmers and increase power of transnational corporations and trade in (especially processed) food |
| Diarrhoea | Rehydration Continued feeding | Breast feeding Measles vaccination Hand washing, food hygiene and awareness of infection cycle | Working with community to develop a demand for clean water and improved sanitation | Working with schools, local government to maximise supply of clean water and sanitation facilities | Advocating and legislating for affordable water—critical examination of plans for privatisation Advocating and legislating for provision of sustainable sanitation |