Estimates, standard errors and fit statistics for the conditional growth curve model
| USA | Britain | Germany | Denmark | |
| Baseline latent health | ||||
| Mean* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Variance | 0.76 (0.02) | 0.67 (0.01) | 0.66 (0.02) | 0.69 (0.02) |
| Change over time in latent health | ||||
| Mean | −0.30 (0.05) | −0.17 (0.05) | −0.40 (0.07) | −0.53 (0.08) |
| Variance | 0.86 (0.08) | 1.19 (0.07) | 1.15 (0.09) | 1.58 (0.13) |
| Mean differences in latent health at baseline associated with baseline covariates | ||||
| Age (10-year units) | −0.21 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.02) | −0.31 (0.03) | −0.20 (0.03) |
| Age (10-year units) squared | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.03) |
| Woman | 0.02 (0.04) | −0.08 (0.04) | −0.06 (0.04) | 0.00 (0.04) |
| Minority status | −0.23 (0.06) | −0.28 (0.10) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.00 (0.09) |
| Minority status by age | −0.12 (0.04) | −0.20 (0.11) | −0.06 (0.06) | −0.09 (0.10) |
| Single | −0.18 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.06) | −0.12 (0.08) | −0.05 (0.06) |
| Cohabiting | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Formerly partnered | −0.20 (0.05) | 0.03 (0.05) | −0.02 (0.07) | −0.09 (0.07) |
| Post-secondary education | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Upper secondary education | −0.25 (0.03) | −0.06 (0.03) | −0.19 (0.05) | −0.11 (0.04) |
| Lower secondary education | −0.72 (0.07) | −0.31 (0.04) | −0.24 (0.06) | −0.39 (0.05) |
| Employed | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Unemployed | −0.31 (0.11) | −0.26 (0.07) | −0.18 (0.08) | 0.00 (0.16) |
| Out of the labour force | −0.45 (0.06) | −0.47 (0.04) | −0.22 (0.07) | −0.36 (0.16) |
| Unemployed by age | −0.07 (0.11) | 0.13 (0.07) | −0.04 (0.07) | −0.07 (0.06) |
| Out of the labour force by age | −0.11 (0.05) | −0.29 (0.04) | −0.15 (0.05) | −0.34 (0.06) |
| Routine occupational class | −0.23 (0.05) | −0.14 (0.05) | −0.21 (0.05) | −0.11 (0.05) |
| Below median adjusted household income | −0.25 (0.04) | −0.11 (0.03) | −0.17 (0.05) | −0.06 (0.04) |
| Mean differences in change over time in latent health associated with baseline covariates | ||||
| Age (10-year units) | −0.08 (0.05) | −0.00 (0.05) | 0.00 (0.07) | −0.05 (0.07) |
| Age (10-year units) squared | 0.10 (0.05) | −0.05 (0.05) | 0.11 (0.06) | −0.01 (0.06) |
| Woman | −0.22 (0.07) | −0.11 (0.07) | 0.06 (0.09) | −0.15 (0.09) |
| Minority status | −0.21 (0.10) | 0.05 (0.21) | −0.18 (0.12) | −0.28 (0.21) |
| Single | 0.02 (0.11) | −0.15 (0.12) | 0.09 (0.15) | −0.04 (0.17) |
| Cohabiting | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Formerly partnered | 0.09 (0.08) | −0.11 (0.11) | −0.02 (0.13) | −0.42 (0.17) |
| Employed | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Unemployed | 0.29 (0.23) | −0.02 (0.15) | 0.13 (0.18) | 0.17 (0.39) |
| Out of the labour force | 0.27 (0.10) | 0.20 (0.09) | 0.13 (0.14) | 0.45 (0.38) |
| Model fit | ||||
| χ2 | 19 | 146 | 108 | 141 |
| df† | 19 | 46 | 58 | 69 |
| CFI | 1.000 | 0.991 | 0.995 | 0.993 |
| TLI | 1.000 | 0.994 | 0.997 | 0.996 |
| RMSEA | <0.0005 | 0.022 | 0.014 | 0.018 |
↵* The underlying continuous latent health variable, y*, must be given a metric. By convention, when there are no covariates in the model, the mean of y* is standardised to zero and the variance standardised to one. With covariates, the residual variance can be estimated but the mean is still set at zero.
↵† The degrees of freedom for Weighted least squares means and variance adjusted maximum likelihood estimation (WLSMV) are estimated according to the formula in Appendix 4 of the Mplus Technical Appendices.20
CFI, confirmatory fit index; TLI, Tucker–Lewis index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation.