Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of study participants in the training sample and the testing sample, by gender
| Characteristics | Women | Men | ||||
| Training sample | Testing sample | p Value | Training sample | Testing sample | p Value | |
| Age, years, range | 48.2 (41.5, 57.4) | 48.1 (41.0, 57.6) | 0.59 | 48.8 (41.7, 58.7) | 48.5 (41.3, 58.9) | 0.43 |
| WC, cm | 77.0 (70.2, 84.2) | 76.5 (70.0, 84.0) | 0.37 | 80.8 (73.6, 88.0) | 81.0 (73.8, 88.2) | 0.31 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.4 (21.2, 26.0) | 23.3 (21.2, 25.8) | 0.35 | 23.4 (21.1, 25.7) | 23.3 (21.1, 25.8) | 0.64 |
| WHR, unit | 0.82 (0.75, 0.87) | 0.82 (0.78, 0.87) | 0.12 | 0.87 (0.82, 0.91) | 0.87 (0.83, 0.92) | 0.20 |
| Overweight, n (%)* | 1156 (31.5) | 1154 (31.4) | 0.95 | 1121 (32.8) | 1083 (32.2) | 0.55 |
| Overall obesity, n (%)† | 448 (12.2) | 414 (11.3) | 0.22 | 338 (9.9) | 359 (10.7) | 0.31 |
| Central obesity, n (%)‡ | 1460 (39.8) | 1419 (38.6) | 0.32 | 1261 (37.0) | 1287 (38.2) | 0.28 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%)§ | 258 (7.3) | 243 (6.6) | 0.48 | 241 (7.1) | 252 (7.5) | 0.50 |
Continuous variables presented as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) and categorical variables as n (%).
↵* Diagnostic criteria for Chinese population: body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 and BMI <28 kg/m2 was defined as overweight.
↵† Diagnostic criteria for Chinese population: BMI ≥28 kg/m2 was defined as obesity.
↵‡ Diagnostic criteria for Chinese population: waist circumference (WC) ≥85 cm for men or WC ≥80 cm for women was defined as obesity.
↵§ Percentage of diabetes in training/testing sample as number of diabetes/total number in training or testing sample.
WHR, waist–hip ratio.