Rate ratios (95% CI) for the risk of medically certified sickness absence by occupational social class: the effect of adjusting for working conditions, health-related behaviours and family-related factors, men
| Managers and professionals | Semi-professionals | Routine non-manual workers | Manual workers | ||||
| RR | RR (95% CI) | %red* | RR (95% CI) | %red* | RR (95% CI) | %red* | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.63 (1.27 to 2.10) | 2.26 (1.70 to 3.02) | 3.25 (2.63 to 4.00) | |||
| Shift work | 1.00s | 1.59 (1.24 to 2.05) | 6 | 2.14 (1.59 to 2.89) | 10 | 3.00 (2.35 to 3.82) | 11 |
| Working overtime | 1.00 | 1.62 (1.26 to 2.09) | 2 | 2.25 (1.68 to 3.01) | 1 | 3.25 (2.63 to 4.00) | 0 |
| Temporary contract | 1.00 | 1.62 (1.26 to 2.09) | 2 | 2.26 (1.69 to 3.02) | 0 | 3.24 (2.62 to 3.99) | 0 |
| All work arrangements | 1.00 | 1.58 (1.22 to 2.04) | 8 | 2.11 (1.56 to 2.87) | 12 | 2.98 (2.33 to 3.80) | 12 |
| Hazardous exposures | 1.00 | 1.50 (1.17 to 1.91) | 21 | 2.13 (1.61 to 2.82) | 10 | 2.35 (1.84 to 3.00) | 40 |
| Physical work load | 1.00 | 1.59 (1.24 to 2.04) | 6 | 2.11 (1.57 to 2.82) | 12 | 2.96 (2.38 to 3.68) | 13 |
| Computer work | 1.00 | 1.62 (1.26 to 2.08) | 2 | 2.28 (1.70 to 3.07) | −2 | 2.96 (2.33 to 3.76) | 13 |
| Physical strain | 1.00 | 1.60 (1.25 to 2.06) | 5 | 2.12 (1.59 to 2.85) | 11 | 2.95 (2.36 to 3.69) | 13 |
| All physical working conditions | 1.00 | 1.45 (1.14 to 1.85) | 29 | 1.99 (1.48 to 2.66) | 21 | 2.00 (1.52 to 2.64) | 56 |
| Mental strain | 1.00 | 1.73 (1.35 to 2.22) | −16 | 2.43 (1.83 to 3.23) | −13 | 3.45 (2.80 to 4.24) | −9 |
| Low job control | 1.00 | 1.64 (1.27 to 2.11) | −2 | 2.26 (1.68 to 3.04) | 0 | 3.08 (2.40 to 3.97) | 8 |
| High job demands | 1.00 | 1.64 (1.28 to 2.10) | −2 | 2.41 (1.80 to 3.23) | −12 | 3.48 (2.81 to 4.30) | −10 |
| Social support at work | 1.00 | 1.60 (1.24 to 2.05) | 5 | 2.21 (1.66 to 2.95) | 4 | 3.16 (2.56 to 3.90) | 4 |
| Job dissatisfaction | 1.00 | 1.61 (1.26 to 2.05) | 3 | 2.21 (1.67 to 2.92) | 4 | 3.13 (2.55 to 3.84) | 5 |
| Bullying at workplace | 1.00 | 1.61 (1.26 to 2.06) | 3 | 2.23 (1.68 to 2.96) | 2 | 3.20 (2.61 to 3.93) | 2 |
| All psychosocial working conditions | 1.00 | 1.65 (1.29 to 2.11) | −3 | 2.32 (1.73 to 3.11) | −5 | 3.41 (2.67 to 4.36) | −7 |
| Smoking | 1.00 | 1.59 (1.24 to 2.04) | 6 | 2.10 (1.57 to 2.81) | 13 | 3.03 (2.45 to 3.74) | 10 |
| Alcohol use | 1.00 | 1.63 (1.27 to 2.10) | 0 | 2.23 (1.67 to 2.97) | 2 | 3.21 (2.60 to 3.96) | 2 |
| Physical activity | 1.00 | 1.61 (1.26 to 2.07) | 3 | 2.20 (1.66 to 2.92) | 5 | 3.21 (2.61 to 3.94) | 2 |
| BMI | 1.00 | 1.59 (1.25 to 2.02) | 6 | 2.17 (1.64 to 2.87) | 7 | 3.04 (2.48 to 3.73) | 9 |
| All health-related behaviours | 1.00 | 1.55 (1.22 to 1.97) | 13 | 2.01 (1.53 to 2.66) | 20 | 2.85 (2.32 to 3.49) | 18 |
| Marital status | 1.00 | 1.61 (1.25 to 2.07) | 3 | 2.20 (1.65 to 2.94) | 5 | 3.19 (2.58 to 3.94) | 3 |
| Having children in the family | 1.00 | 1.61 (1.25 to 2.06) | 3 | 2.20 (1.65 to 2.93) | 5 | 3.15 (2.55 to 3.89) | 4 |
| Work/home conflict | 1.00 | 1.65 (1.29 to 2.12) | −3 | 2.29 (1.72 to 3.05) | −2 | 3.19 (2.59 to 3.92) | 3 |
| Social networks | 1.00 | 1.61 (1.25 to 2.08) | 3 | 2.25 (1.68 to 3.00) | 1 | 3.22 (2.61 to 3.98) | 1 |
| Social support | 1.00 | 1.62 (1.26 to 2.08) | 2 | 2.22 (1.67 to 2.96) | 3 | 3.13 (2.53 to 3.86) | 5 |
| Negative events in the family | 1.00 | 1.64 (1.27 to 2.11) | −2 | 2.26 (1.69 to 3.01) | 0 | 3.25 (2.63 to 4.00) | 0 |
| All family-related factors | 1.00 | 1.59 (1.24 to 2.04) | 6 | 2.16 (1.62 to 2.88) | 8 | 2.95 (2.38 to 3.65) | 13 |
| All adjustments | 1.00 | 1.35 (1.06 to 1.72) | 44 | 1.71 (1.25 to 2.34) | 44 | 1.84 (1.34 to 2.54) | 63 |
↵* Percentage reduction in occupational class differences in medically confirmed sickness absence attributable to each explanatory factor: (RR (base model)−(RR (base model+explanatory factor))/(RR (base model)−1)×100.