Variables in each model | Rural | Urban | ||
Women | Men | Women | Men | |
No | 605 | 467 | 1098 | 857 |
Year of study | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.02 |
1994 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
2003 | 3.6 (2.2 to 5.9) | 5.3 (3.2 to 8.9) | 2.7 (1.9 to 3.8) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.2) |
Age (years) | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 |
24–34 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
35–44 | 1.3 (0.5 to 2.9) | 3.3 (1.4 to 8.0) | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.9) | 1.4 (1.0 to 2.2) |
45–54 | 3.7 (1.2 to 5.9) | 4.5 (1.8 to 11) | 3.3 (2.1 to 5.3) | 2.0 (1.3 to 3.2) |
55–74 | 7.4 (3.2 to 17) | 8.5 (3.6 to 20) | 9.0 (5.0 to 17) | 3.2 (1.7 to 6.2) |
BMI classes* | p<0.004 | p<0.04 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 |
Underweight | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.9) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.3) | 0.3 (0.1 to 2.7) | –‡ |
Normal weight | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Overweight | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.3) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.7) | 2.3 (1.5 to 3.5) | 2.1 (1.5 to 3.1) |
Obese | 3.4 (1.3 to 8.7) | 9.4 (1.6 to 54) | 3.2 (2.1 to 4.9) | 5.1 (3.1 to 8.4) |
Education level† | p<0.3 | p<0.8 | p<0.02 | p<0.9 |
Low level | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Intermediate level | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.4) | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.9) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.8) |
High level | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.1) | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.6) | 0.6 (0.4 to 1.0) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.8) |
Alcohol consumption | p<0.5 | p<0.05 | p<0.04 | p<0.09 |
Non-drinkers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Ex-drinkers | 1.7 (0.7 to 4.2) | 2.7 (0.9 to 8.0) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | 0.6 (0.4 to 1.0) |
Current drinkers | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0) | 2.8 (1.2 to 6.4) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) |
Tobacco smoking | p<0.4 | p<0.06 | p<0.5 | p<0.1 |
Non-smokers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Ex-smokers | 0.3 (0.1 to 2.7) | 2.3 (1.0 to 5.0) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.8) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) |
Current smokers | 0.4 (0.1 to 2.4) | 1.6 (0.9 to 3.0) | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.4) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) |
↵* Underweight: BMI<18.5 kg/m2; normal weight: 18.5 kg/m2<BMI<25.0 kg/m2; overweight: 25.0 kg/m2<BMI<30.0 kg/m2; obese: BMI≥30.0 kg/m2.
↵† Rural area: low, illiterate; intermediate, primary; high, secondary or higher; urban area: low, primary or lower; intermediate, secondary; high, university.
↵‡ No cases of hypertension in underweight subjects.