ORs (with 95% CIs) of postponing buying a prescription because of cost, with or without adjusting for effects of demographic, socioeconomic, health behavioural and health variables (SoFIE-Health, 2004–5)
| Characteristics | Model 1‡ | Model 2§ | Model 3¶ | Model 4* |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| NZ/European | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Asian | 0.68 (0.47 to 0.98) | 0.65 (0.45 to 0.95) | 0.59 (0.40 to 0.87) | 0.75 (0.50 to 1.11) |
| Māori | 2.98 (2.56 to 3.47) | 2.15 (1.83 to 2.53) | 1.35 (1.12 to 1.62) | 1.31 (1.08 to 1.58) |
| Pacific | 3.52 (2.85 to 4.35) | 2.89 (2.32 to 3.61) | 1.91 (1.49 to 2.45) | 2.17 (1.68 to 2.81) |
| Affiliation with a PCP | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 2.31 (1.71 to 3.11) | 2.39 (1.75 to 3.27) | 2.02 (1.47 to 2.77) | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 15–24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 25–44 | 1.51 (1.25 to 1.83) | 1.08 (0.88 to 1.34) | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.25) | |
| 45–64 | 0.80 (0.63 to 1.03) | 0.60 (0.46 to 0.78) | 0.50 (0.38 to 0.65) | |
| 65+ | 0.17 (0.11 to 0.25) | 0.20 (0.13 to 0.31) | 0.16 (0.10 to 0.25) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Female | 1.78 (1.54 to 2.03) | 1.48 (1.27 to 1.71) | 1.47 (1.26 to 1.71) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Currently married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Previously married | 1.69 (1.35 to 2.11) | 1.23 (0.96 to 1.57) | 1.11 (0.86 to 1.42) | |
| Never married | 1.44 (1.18 to 1.76) | 1.17 (0.95 to 1.46) | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.44) | |
| Family structure | ||||
| Couple with children | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Couple only | 0.71 (0.57 to 0.88) | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.06) | 0.77 (0.60 to 0.97) | |
| Not in a family | 1.52 (1.24 to 1.85) | 1.11 (0.89 to 1.38) | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.24) | |
| Sole parent | 1.71 (1.40 to 2.09) | 0.75 (0.59 to 0.94) | 0.73 (0.58 to 0.92) | |
| Income tertiles | ||||
| 1 (low) | 1.37 (1.11 to 1.69) | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.61) | ||
| 2 | 1.53 (1.25 to 1.87) | 1.47 (1.20 to 1.80) | ||
| 3 (high) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| NZDep | ||||
| NZDepQ1 (least) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Middle NZDep | 1.34 (1.13 to 1.60) | 1.26 (1.06 to 1.51) | ||
| Most NZDep | 1.29 (1.08 to 1.54) | 1.19 (0.99 to 1.43) | ||
| NZiDep | ||||
| No Dep | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 1–2 Dep | 5.20 (4.36 to 6.21) | 4.32 (3.60 to 5.17) | ||
| 3+ Dep | 20.10 (16.35 to 24.69) | 13.03 (10.49 to 16.19) | ||
| Education | ||||
| No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| School | 0.79 (0.66 to 0.96) | 0.86 (0.70 to 1.04) | ||
| Post-school | 0.86 (0.72 to 1.02) | 0.92 (0.77 to 1.10) | ||
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | |||
| Current | 1.60 (1.35 to 1.89) | |||
| Ex-smoker | 1.19 (0.99 to 1.44) | |||
| Self-assessed health | ||||
| Excellent to good | 1.00 | |||
| Fair to poor | 1.26 (1.02 to 1.55) | |||
| Kessler-10 groups | ||||
| Low (10–15) | 1.00 | |||
| Moderate (16–21) | 1.57 (1.32 to 1.85) | |||
| High/very high (22+) | 1.83 (1.49 to 2.24) | |||
| Comorbidity index (%) | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 | |||
| 1–2 | 1.71 (1.46 to 2.01) | |||
| >2 | 2.72 (2.15 to 3.44) | |||
| Initial −2 log likelihood | 8145.044 | 8145.044 | 8145.044 | 8145.044 |
| −2 log likelihood by all variables in the model | 7876.955 | 7274.563 | 6087.422 | 5866.006 |
| Δ-2 log-likelihood | 268.089† | 870.481† | 2057.622† | 2279.038† |
| R-square (Max-rescaled) | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 0.32 |
↵† p<0.0001.
↵‡ Model 1: Gross model.
↵§ Model 2: Adjusted for ethnicity, affiliation with a PCP, age, gender, marital status, and family type (demographic factors).
↵¶ Model 3: Adjusted for all the variables in model 2 and income, NZDep, NZiDep, income and education (socioeconomic factor).
↵* Model 4: Adjusted for all the variables in models 2 and 3 and smoking, self-assessed health, Kessler-10 and presence of a comorbid condition (health and health behaviour factors).
NZDep, area deprivation; NZiDep, individual deprivation; PCP, primary care provider; SoFIE, Survey of Family, Income and Employment.