Table 2 Maternal background characteristics by socioeconomic position and by time period, Finland, 1991–2006 (N = 948 244)*
N1991–31994–61997–92000–22003–6
Births194 936187 906172 817165 496227 089
Maternal age (years), mean (SD)
Upper white-collar workersI31.7 (4.2)32.0 (5.1)32.3 (4.2)32.5 (4.3)32.5 (4.3)
Lower white-collar workersII29.5 (4.8)30.2 (4.7)30.6 (5.0)30.6 (5.1)30.6 (5.1)
Blue collar workersIII28.1 (5.1)28.7 (5.1)29.1 (5.2)29.2 (5.4)29.2 (5.5)
OthersO27.8 (5.8)27.5 (5.7)27.8 (5.8)28.0 (6.0)28.2 (5.9)
Total29.3 (5.0)29.6 (5.1)29.9 (5.1)29.9 (5.5)30.0 (5.5)
Number of previous pregnancies, mean (SD)
Upper white-collar workersI1.2 (1.4)1.3 (1.4)1.3 (1.5)1.3 (1.4)1.2 (1.4)
Lower white-collar workersII1.4 (1.5)1.4 (1.5)1.5 (1.7)1.5 (1.6)1.6 (1.7)
Blue collar workersIII1.4 (1.4)1.5 (1.5)1.6 (1.6)1.6 (1.6)1.6 (1.7)
OthersO1.9 (2.2)1.8 (2.2)1.7 (2.2)1.6 (2.1)1.6 (1.7)
Total1.5 (1.6)1.5 (1.7)1.5 (1.7)1.5 (1.8)1.5 (1.8)
Number of previous births, mean (SD)
Upper white-collar workersI0.9 (1.1)0.9 (1.1)0.9 (1.1)0.9 (1.1)0.9 (1.1)
Lower white-collar workersII1.0 (1.2)1.0 (1.2)1.1 (1.3)1.1 (1.3)1.1 (1.4)
Blue-collarworkersIII1.0 (1.1)1.0 (1.1)1.0 (1.2)1.0 (1.2)1.0 (1.2)
OthersO1.4 (1.9)1.3 (1.9)1.2 (1.8)1.2 (1.7)1.1 (1.7)
Total1.0 (1.3)1.1 (1.3)1.1 (1.4)1.1 (1.4)1.0 (1.4)
Single mother (%)
Upper white-collar workersI3.36.35.57.25.1
Lower white-collar workersII5.19.79.111.38.4
Blue-collar workersIII9.115.614.217.614.0
OthersO7.312.211.816.812.5
Total6.010.810.113.29.9
Smoked during pregnancy (%)
Upper white-collar workersI5.54.24.14.03.9
Lower white-collar workersII14.212.612.112.712.8
Blue-collar workersIII28.225.224.525.825.5
OthersO18.118.017.918.218.7
Total16.314.714.414.814.8
Multiple birth (%)
Upper white-collar workersI1.51.82.12.01.7
Lower white-collar workersII1.41.61.81.61.6
Blue-collar workersIII1.41.41.51.61.4
OthersO1.21.21.41.31.4
Total1.41.51.71.61.5
  • *All differences between the socioeconomic groups are statistically significant, p<0.001.