Witnessing of interparental violence in childhood | ||||||||
Overall | Age 18–36 | Age 37–54 | Age >54 | |||||
Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
(511) | (2483) | (189) | (802) | (185) | (812) | (137) | (869) | |
Demographics | ||||||||
Age (mean) | 42.6 | 45.7 | 28.2 | 27.7 | 44.3 | 45.4 | 67.0 | 68.7 |
Female | 55.3 | 52.4 | 52.0 | 51.6 | 54.9 | 49.6 | 61.7 | 56.5 |
French nationality | 88.2 | 85.9 | 83.3 | 83.5 | 88.5 | 84.2 | 97.2* | 90.7 |
Psychosocial outcomes in adulthood | ||||||||
Internalising disorders | ||||||||
Current depression | 18.3*** | 10.4 | 18.3*** | 9.4 | 19.5** | 10.4 | 16.0 | 11.7 |
Lifetime suicide attempt | 6.0*** | 2.3 | 4.0** | 1.2 | 6.3* | 2.7 | 9.3** | 3.2 |
Intrafamilial conduct disorders | ||||||||
Intimate partner violence | 8.1*** | 1.9 | 7.4*** | 1.1 | 12.5*** | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.2 |
Perpetration of child maltreatment | 3.8*** | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 7.4*** | 0.7 | 0 | 0.8 |
Alcohol dependence | 17.8*** | 9.2 | 16.8* | 9.4 | 21.2** | 12.2 | 14.4** | 5.7 |
Childhood family-level stressors | ||||||||
Poor mother–child relationship | 25.8*** | 10.7 | 21.4*** | 9.0 | 27.6*** | 11.8 | 30.8*** | 11.6 |
Poor father–child relationship | 50.1*** | 19.0 | 52.0*** | 20.1 | 52.3*** | 19.3 | 43.4*** | 17.4 |
Parental separation or divorce | 32.3*** | 9.0 | 43.6*** | 14.6 | 24.7*** | 6.6 | 23.4*** | 4.6 |
Parental death | 5.4*** | 11.2 | 5.0 | 7.2 | 5.2 | 9.6 | 6.6** | 18.0 |
Parental incarceration | 2.9*** | 0.6 | 3.0** | 0.6 | 1.2* | 0.1 | 4.7** | 1.1 |
Parental suicide attempt | 7.1*** | 0.9 | 7.0*** | 1.4 | 7.6*** | 1.1 | 6.5*** | 0.1 |
Parental alcoholism | 26.8*** | 3.5 | 26.9*** | 3.1 | 28.7*** | 4.4 | 23.6*** | 2.9 |
Physical abuse in childhood | 12.2*** | 1.5 | 9.5*** | 1.2 | 16.5*** | 1.7 | 9.4*** | 1.9 |
Sexual abuse in childhood | 6.9*** | 1.5 | 5.9*** | 1.7 | 8.7*** | 1.6 | 5.6** | 1.2 |
Childhood social-level stressors | ||||||||
Family financial problems | 33.0*** | 15.2 | 31.0*** | 12.5 | 29.2*** | 14.6 | 41.9*** | 19.3 |
Poor parental health status | 30.0*** | 19.1 | 29.4*** | 17.3 | 29.9** | 18.7 | 32.1* | 21.7 |
Housing problems | 11.1*** | 4.5 | 9.5*** | 3.6 | 11.1*** | 2.7 | 14.2* | 7.8 |
Parental unemployment | 16.3*** | 6.2 | 21.9*** | 10.9 | 12.7*** | 3.6 | 10.5*** | 3.3 |
*p Value <0.05; **p value <0.01; ***p value <0.001.