Unemployment and welfare |
Adams et al45 | Professional welfare rights advice in healthcare settings (welfare benefit maximisation) | Little evidence that the advice leads to measurable health and social benefits, although some studies reported improvements in self-reported mental health. Absence of evidence rather than evidence of no effect. |
Crowther et al43 | Supported employment or prevocational training to help people with severe mental illness get into employment | No significant impact on employment outcomes in comparison to standard care. Some evidence that supported employment more effective than prevocational training. |
Bambra et al44 | Welfare to work interventions aimed at people out of work due to a health condition or disability | Evidence of positive employment outcomes was not compelling because, although positive outcomes ranged from 11% to 50%, controls were rarely used, so there is possible confounding effect by relatively buoyant labour market. |
Agriculture and food |
Wall47 | Monetary incentives, including price decreases on low-fat snacks in vending machines, farmers' market coupons for fruit and vegetables, free food provision. | Positive effect s were found on weight loss, consumption of fruit and vegetables, redemption of coupons and attitudes towards fruit and vegetable consumption. |
Water and sanitation |
Demos et al48 | Changes in water fluoridation levels (typical levels were 0.05 to 1.5 ppm) | Fluoridation at levels up to 1 ppm has no adverse effects on bone fracture incidence, bone mineral density or bone strength. |