| Alcohol source | Amount (g/day) | Long-term intake (cumulative average, time-dependent) | |||
| Crude HR (95% CI)* | Adjusted HR (95% CI)†§ | Adjusted HR (95% CI)‡§ | |||
| Coronary heart disease | Wine | >0 to 20 | 0.59 (0.42 to 0.83) | 0.60 (0.41 to 0.87) | 0.61 (0.41 to 0.89) |
| >20 | NI¶ | NI | NI | ||
| Beer | >0 to 20 | 0.86 (0.68 to 1.09) | 0.79 (0.62 to 1.02) | 0.82 (0.60 to 1.12) | |
| >20 | 1.13 (0.41 to 3.08) | 1.02 (0.35 to 2.93) | 1.10 (0.36 to 3.39) | ||
| Spirits | >0 to 20 | 0.93 (0.70 to 1.23) | 0.85 (0.63 to 1.15) | 0.92 (0.63 to 1.34) | |
| >20 | 0.86 (0.40 to 1.84) | 0.89 (0.42 to 1.86) | 1.01 (0.35 to 2.97) | ||
| Cerebrovascular | Wine | >0 to 20 | 0.67 (0.44 to 1.01) | 0.82 (0.53 to 1.26) | 0.92 (0.58 to 1.46) |
| >20 | NI | NI | NI | ||
| Beer | >0 to 20 | 0.64 (0.45 to 0.93) | 0.62 (0.42 to 0.92) | 0.81 (0.48 to 1.35) | |
| >20 | 0.68 (0.09 to 5.01) | 0.78 (0.10 to 6.26) | 0.78 (0.09 to 6.73) | ||
| Spirits | >0 to 20 | 0.76 (0.51 to 1.13) | 0.79 (0.52 to 1.20) | 1.44 (0.72 to 2.86) | |
| >20 | 0.62 (0.19 to 1.97) | 0.70 (0.21 to 2.34) | 0.93 (0.20 to 4.32) | ||
| Total cardiovascular | Wine | >0 to 20 | 0.63 (0.51 to 0.78) | 0.66 (0.52 to 0.84) | 0.68 (0.53 to 0.86) |
| >20 | 1.37 (0.19 to 9.78) | 2.45 (0.33 to 18.1) | 2.20 (0.30 to 16.4) | ||
| Beer | >0 to 20 | 0.84 (0.70 to 1.00) | 0.82 (0.69 to 0.99) | 0.91 (0.72 to 1.14) | |
| >20 | 1.30 (0.62 to 2.74) | 1.29 (0.58 to 2.84) | 1.26 (0.55 to 2.88) | ||
| Spirits | >0 to 20 | 0.85 (0.69 to 1.04) | 0.82 (0.66 to 1.03) | 0.93 (0.70 to 1.24) | |
| >20 | 0.84 (0.50 to 1.41) | 0.91 (0.54 to 1.55) | 0.88 (0.47 to 1.64) | ||
| All-cause | Wine | >0 to 20 | 0.68 (0.58 to 0.78) | 0.72 (0.61 to 0.85) | 0.73 (0.62 to 0.87) |
| >20 | 0.79 (0.11 to 5.59) | 1.28 (0.18 to 9.28) | 1.21 (0.17 to 8.82) | ||
| Beer | >0 to 20 | 0.91 (0.80 to 1.05) | 0.89 (0.78 to 1.02) | 0.98 (0.83 to 1.17) | |
| >20 | 1.41 (0.84 to 2.36) | 1.29 (0.76 to 2.19) | 1.37 (0.74 to 2.53) | ||
| Spirits | >0 to 20 | 0.86 (0.75 to 1.00) | 0.87 (0.74 to 1.01) | 0.97 (0.80 to 1.18) | |
| >20 | 1.08 (0.76 to 1.53) | 1.02 (0.67 to 1.55) | 1.09 (0.69 to 1.73) | ||
*Crude HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
†Hazard ratios are adjusted for former drinking, energy intake without alcohol, the number of cigarettes smoked, cigarette smoking duration, cigar or pipe smoking, intake of vegetables, fruit, fish, saturated and trans fatty acids, body mass index, prevalence of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus and cancer, and baseline socioeconomic status.
‡Hazard ratios are adjusted for former drinking, energy intake without alcohol, the number of cigarettes smoked, cigarette smoking duration, cigar or pipe smoking, intake of vegetables, fruit, fish, saturated and trans fatty acids, body mass index, prevalence of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus and cancer, baseline socioeconomic status and total alcohol intake.
§Because of missing data in the covariates, the number of events may be smaller than the number mentioned in table 1.
¶NI, because of the small number of men with >20 g of long-term alcohol intake from wine, the calculated hazard ratios are not informative.