Associations between time spent in TV and other screen-based entertainment with deprivation and multiple indicators of socioeconomic status
| Model 1* | Model 2* | Model 3* | Model 4* | Model 5* | |
| Coefficient§ (95% CI) | Coefficient§ (95% CI) | Coefficient§ (95% CI) | Coefficient§ (95% CI) | Coefficient§ (95% CI) | |
| Income (N = 6865)† | |||||
| Top Quartile‡ (mean, 95% CI) | 169 (163 to 175) | 185 (179 to 192) | 191 (185 to 198) | 201 (194 to 207) | 201 (195 to 207) |
| 3rd | 21.7 (13.1 to 30.2) | 9.5 (0.8 to 18.1) | 5.7 (−2.9 to 14.3) | 2.3 (−6.2 to 10.7) | 4.3 (−4.0 to 12.7) |
| 2nd | 51.9 (43.3 to 60.6) | 28.7 (19.6 to 37.9) | 20.9 (11.5 to 30.2) | 5.5 (−3.8 to 14.8) | 4.5 (−4.7 to 13.7) |
| Bottom Quartile | 83.6 (74.9 to 92.4) | 55.2 (45.5 to 64.8) | 44.0 (34.0 to 54.0) | 21.4 (11.3 to 31.6) | 17.5 (7.4 to 27.6) |
| Trend p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Social Class (N = 7683)† | |||||
| I&II‡ (mean, 95% CI) | 177 (171 to 183) | 192 (186 to 198) | 196 (190 to 202) | 196 (190 to 202) | 195 (189 to 200) |
| III Non-manual | 21.3 (10.8 to 31.8) | 8.7 (−1.7 to 19.1) | 7.6 (−2.7 to 17.9) | 9.6 (−0.5 to 19.6) | 7.1 (−2.9 to 17.0) |
| III Manual | 37.7 (30.3 to 45.1) | 18.6 (10.9 to 26.2) | 13.2 (5.6 to 20.8) | 12.2 (4.8 to 19.6) | 14.4 (7.1 to 21.8) |
| IV & V | 47.6 (39.4 to 55.8) | 22.9 (14.3 to 31.4) | 16.4 (7.8 to 25.0) | 14.7 (6.4 to 23.1) | 17.1 (8.8 to 25.4) |
| Trend p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Education (N = 7972)† | |||||
| Level 4** ‡ (mean, 95% CI) | 164 (158 to 170) | 176 (170 to 183) | 183 (177 to 190) | 192 (185 to 198) | 189 (183 to 196) |
| Level 3†† | 21.2 (8.7,33.6) | 14.5 (2.1 to 27.0) | 9.0 (−3.4 to 21.4) | 5.9 (−6.1 to 17.8) | 10.1 (−1.8 to 21.9) |
| Level 2‡‡ | 30.5 (21.4 to 39.6) | 19.2 (9.9 to 28.5) | 14.7 (5.4 to 24.0) | 10.9 (1.9 to 19.9) | 14.4 (5.5 to 23.4) |
| Level 1§§ | 54.1 (45.0 to 63.2) | 37.9 (28.3 to 47.5) | 30.1 (20.4 to 39.7) | 21.9 (12.5 to 31.3) | 25.1 (15.7 to 34.4) |
| Level 0¶¶ | 77.8 (69.7 to 86.0) | 57.0 (48.0 to 66.0) | 44.6 (35.4 to 53.8) | 26.1 (17.0 to 35.2) | 29.0 (20.0 to 38.0) |
| Trend p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Deprivation (N = 7972)† | |||||
| Bottom (least deprived) quintile‡ (mean, 95% CI) | 177 (171 to 184) | 191 (185 to 197) | n/a | 200 (194 to 207) | 199 (193 to 205) |
| 2nd | 6.8 (−1.9 to 15.6) | −0.8 (−9.5 to 7.8) | n/a | −3.1 (−11.5 to 5.3) | −1.9 (−10.2 to 6.4) |
| 3rd | 21.1 (12.1 to 30.2) | 6.4 (−2.7 to 15.4) | n/a | −2.0 (10.8 to 6.8) | 1.4 (−7.4 to 10.1) |
| 4th | 50.0 (41.1 to 58.9) | 31.2 (22.1 to 40.2) | n/a | 16.4 (7.5 to 25.3) | 19.3 (10.5 to 28.1) |
| Top quintile (Most Deprived) | 73.4 (64.5 to 82.4) | 46.5 (37.2 to 55.9) | n/a | 22.3 (12.9 to 31.7) | 23.3 (14.0 to 32.6) |
| Trend p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Coefficients refer to mean time (minutes/day) differences from the reference category. n/a, non-applicable for deprivation, model 3 adds adjustments for deprivation to the other SES indicator models.
*Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; model 2: further adjustments for other SES indicators; model 3: further adjustments for deprivation (Income, social class and education models); model 4: further adjustments for self-assessed general health, doctor-diagnosed diabetes and CVD, smoking, alcohol drinking, limited activity due to poor health, car ownership, and household cluster; model 5: further adjustments for occupational and non-occupational physical activity.
†Sample sizes in this table are weighted for non-response.
‡Referent group. The values correspond to minutes/day of TVSE.
§For example, a positive coefficient of 8.5 indicates that a specific category had a mean TVSE that is 8.5 minutes higher than the referent group.
**First degree, higher degree or professional qualification, eg teaching or accountancy.
††HNC, HND, SVQ Levels 4 or 5 or equivalent.
‡‡Higher grade, A level, GSVQ advanced or equivalent.
§§O grade, standard grade, GCSE.
¶¶Pre-school leaving qualification or below.