Odds of language delay in 2-year-old children following prenatal alcohol exposure: comparison of various methods of classifying maternal alcohol consumption
| Adjusted§ OR (95% CI) | |||
| Prenatal alcohol | Trimester 1 | Trimester 2 | Trimester 3 |
| Abstinent throughout pregnancy* | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Composite method | |||
| Low | 0.97 (0.65 to 1.43) | 0.87 (0.59 to 1.28) | 0.84 (0.57 to 1.23) |
| Moderate–heavy | 0.71 (0.40 to 1.27) | 1.26 (0.63 to 1.74) | 1.50 (0.90 to 2.49) |
| Binge† | 1.49 (0.60 to 3.73) | 3.00 (0.90 to 9.93) | 3.02 (0.75 to 12.20) |
| Method 1: averaged within trimesters | |||
| <1 std drink/day‡ | 0.89 (0.64 to 1.23) | 0.92 (0.67 to 1.27) | 0.92 (0.67 to 1.27) |
| 1+ std drink/day‡ | 1.38 (0.56 to 3.41) | 0.65 (0.14 to 2.95) | 0.52 (0.12 to 2.33) |
| Method 2: averaged across pregnancy | (Trimesters do not apply) | ||
| <1 std drink/day‡ | 0.92 (0.67 to 1.28) | ||
| 1+ std drink/day‡ | 1.19 (0.39 to 3.63) | ||
| Method 3: grams per week (g) | Trimester 1 | Trimester 2 | Trimester 3 |
| 0.1–12 | 0.76 (0.54 to 1.09) | 0.77 (0.54 to 1.09) | 0.86 (0.61 to 1.21) |
| 12.1–24 | 1.61 (0.88 to 2.95) | 1.85 (0.99 to 3.45) | 1.85 (1.03 to 3.34) |
| 24.1–48 | 0.55 (0.19 to 1.56) | 1.41 (0.65 to 3.02) | 0.78 (0.30 to 2.05) |
| 48.1+ | 1.45 (0.68 to 3.09) | 0.91 (0.30 to 2.76) | 1.41 (0.54 to 3.65) |
↵* Referent group for each analysis.
↵† Binge=5+ per occasion <weekly to 1–2 days/week.
↵‡ Standard drink=10 g alcohol.
↵§ Adjusted for maternal factors (maternal age, parity, education, marital status, smoking, illicit drug use and depression, anxiety and stress (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale)) and family factors (income, presence of partner in household, parenting ability and family functioning).