| Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | Model 4§ | |
| Baseline | Individual socioeconomic status | Area deprivation | Urban/rural | |
| Neighbourhood access (min) | ||||
| Worst >3.89 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Worse 1.65–3.89 | 1.10 (0.95 to 1.28) | 1.12 (0.97 to 1.29) | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.23) | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.15) |
| Better 0.98–1.65 | 1.13 (0.97 to 1.32) | 1.15 (0.99 to 1.33) | 1.05 (0.91 to 1.22) | 0.95 (0.79 to 1.13) |
| Best <0.98 | 1.18 (1.01 to 1.37) | 1.19 (1.03 to 1.38) | 1.05 (0.91 to 1.22) | 0.95 (0.80 to 1.13) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 1.04 (0.96 to 1.14) | 1.11 (1.00 to 1.22) | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.22) | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.22) |
| Age group (years) | ||||
| 65+ | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 45–64 | 2.86 (2.44 to 3.35) | 2.84 (2.38 to 3.39) | 2.77 (2.32 to 3.31) | 2.78 (2.33 to 3.32) |
| 25–44 | 4.53 (3.88 to 5.29) | 4.35 (3.61 to 5.23) | 4.24 (3.53 to 5.10) | 4.25 (3.53 to 5.11) |
| 15–24 | 4.27 (3.53 to 5.15) | 3.74 (3.03 to 4.60) | 3.66 (2.97 to 4.50) | 3.65 (2.97 to 4.50) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Māori | 2.93 (2.61 to 3.28) | 2.43 (2.16 to 2.73) | 2.21 (1.96 to 2.49) | 2.22 (1.97 to 2.50) |
| Pacific | 1.52 (1.27 to 1.82) | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.54) | 1.12 (0.93 to 1.35) | 1.13 (0.94 to 1.36) |
| Asian | 0.37 (0.29 to 0.46) | 0.38 (0.31 to 0.48) | 0.37 (0.30 to 0.47) | 0.38 (0.30 to 0.47) |
| Education | ||||
| Tertiary qualifications | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| School qualifications only | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.09) | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.09) | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.09) | |
| No qualifications | 1.49 (1.33 to 1.67) | 1.48 (1.32 to 1.65) | 1.48 (1.32 to 1.66) | |
| Social class | ||||
| Managerial/professional | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Other non-manual | 1.27 (1.10 to 1.45) | 1.24 (1.08 to 1.43) | 1.24 (1.08 to 1.43) | |
| Skilled manual | 1.83 (1.56 to 2.15) | 1.78 (1.52 to 2.09) | 1.79 (1.53 to 2.11) | |
| Semi- and unskilled manual | 1.73 (1.48 to 2.02) | 1.66 (1.42 to 1.94) | 1.65 (1.42 to 1.93) | |
| Unavailable | 1.12 (0.95 to 1.32) | 1.08 (0.92 to 1.28) | 1.08 (0.91 to 1.28) | |
| Benefits | ||||
| Non-recipient | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Recipient | 1.52 (1.37 to 1.70) | 1.50 (1.35 to 1.68) | 1.50 (1.35 to 1.68) | |
| Household income (NZ$) | ||||
| >50 000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 25 000–50 000 | 1.20 (1.07 to 1.35) | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.27) | 1.12 (1.00 to 1.26) | |
| <25 000 | 1.48 (1.30 to 1.68) | 1.36 (1.19 to 1.55) | 1.36 (1.19 to 1.55) | |
| Neighbourhood deprivation | ||||
| 1 (least deprived) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2 | 1.15 (0.94 to 1.41) | 1.16 (0.94 to 1.42) | ||
| 3 | 1.24 (1.02 to 1.52) | 1.25 (1.02 to 1.53) | ||
| 4 | 1.67 (1.39 to 2.02) | 1.69 (1.40 to 2.04) | ||
| 5 (most deprived) | 1.91 (1.56 to 2.35) | 1.91 (1.56 to 2.35) | ||
| Neighbourhood urban/rural status | ||||
| Main urban | 1 | |||
| Secondary urban | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.34) | |||
| Minor urban | 1.01 (0.87 to 1.18) | |||
| Rural centre | 1.04 (0.84 to 1.28) | |||
| Highly rural | 0.85 (0.71–1.02) | |||
| Level 2 variance¶ (SE) | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.02) |
SE, standard error.
*Models include design (to account for sample stratification and oversampling of ethnic minorities), and individual-level sex and age variables.
†Individual-level socioeconomic variables included in models containing design, sex and age variables.
‡Neighbourhood-level deprivation included in models containing individual-level design, sex, age and socioeconomic variables.
§Neighbourhood-level urban area classification included in models containing neighbourhood-level deprivation and individual-level design, sex, age and socioeconomic variables.
¶Variance at the neighbourhood level.