Crude and adjusted odds ratios for the relation between socioeconomic status measures and frailty among participants in the Women’s Health and Aging Studies (N = 727)
| Variables | Unadjusted | Adjusted |
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
| Education models | ||
| <12 years | 3.51 (2.42 to 5.08) | 3.01 (1.99 to 4.54) |
| 12 years | 1.06 (0.70 to 1.60) | 1.08 (0.70 to 1.65) |
| >12 years | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Uninsured* | 2.37 (1.42 to 3.96) | |
| Public providers | 2.04 (1.20 to 3.49) | |
| Fully insured | 1.0 (ref) | |
| ⩾3 co-morbidities | 2.98 (1.78 to 5.01) | |
| 2 co-morbidities | 2 (1.26 to 3.20) | |
| 1 co-morbidity | 1.53 (1.04 to 2.24) | |
| No co-morbidities | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Current smoker | 1.69 (1.02 to 2.83) | |
| Former smoker | 1.69 (1.21 to 2.38) | |
| Never smoker | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Age | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12) | |
| Race | 0.68 (0.45 to 1.04) | |
| Income models (107 imputed) | ||
| <$10 000 | 2.69 (1.84 to 3.93) | 2.01 (1.28 to 3.16) |
| ⩾$10 000–⩽22 250 | 1.29 (0.89 to 1.88) | 1.18 (0.80 to 1.74) |
| >$22 250 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| Uninsured* | 2.48 (1.49 to 4.16) | |
| Public providers | 2.09 (1.23 to 3.56) | |
| Fully insured | 1.0 (ref) | |
| 3 or more co-morbidities | 3.16 (1.88 to 5.29) | |
| 2 co-morbidities | 1.91 (1.21 to 3.03) | |
| 1 co-morbidity | 1.57 (1.07 to 2.29) | |
| 0 co-morbidities | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Current smoker | 1.86 (1.12 to 3.10) | |
| Former smoker | 1.68 (1.20 to 2.37) | |
| Never smoker | 1.0 (ref) | |
| Age | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.13) | |
| Race | 0.98 (0.64 to 1.48) |
Education is <12, 12 or >12 years. Race is black vs white.
*Uninsured is Medicare hospitalisation coverage only, Medicaid/Medicare, Medicare plus outpatient coverage.