Variable* | N† | % | Mean (SD), range |
Health status | |||
Limiting longstanding illness (LLI) | 890 | ||
Yes | 23.5 | ||
No | 76.5 | ||
Socioeconomic status (SES) | |||
Education | 901 | ||
0–8 years | 39.6 | ||
9–11 years | 20.4 | ||
12 years | 21.5 | ||
13+ years | 18.4 | ||
Land ownership | 902 | ||
No | 67.5 | ||
Yes | 32.5 | ||
Relative family income | 873 | ||
Less | 26.8 | ||
Similar | 58.4 | ||
More | 14.8 | ||
Spouse is relative | 834 | ||
Yes | 40.0 | ||
No | 60.0 | ||
Adherence to cultural norms | 884 | 2.16 (0.71) 1–5 | |
Psychosocial factors | |||
Chronic stress | 902 | 2.91 (1.86), 0–8 | |
Stressful life events | 902 | 1.48 (1.40) 0–9 | |
Social support | 900 | 3.19 (0.98) 1–5 | |
Social networks | 902 | 5.45 (14.4) 0–99 | |
Mastery | 898 | 3.03 (0.61) 1–4 | |
Coping efficacy | 844 | 6.90 (1.84) 2–10 | |
Community social characteristics | |||
Social participation | 901 | 0.67 (0.34) 0–2 | |
Feelings of exploitation | 854 | ||
Yes | 62.5 | ||
No | 37.5 | ||
Trust among community members | 882 | ||
No | 88.1 | ||
Yes | 11.9 | ||
Mutual help | 870 | ||
No | 83.7 | ||
Yes | 16.3 | ||
Civic engagement | 893 | ||
No | 17.2 | ||
Yes | 82.8 | ||
Community structural characteristics | |||
Time to specialist clinic | 897 | ||
20 minutes | 58.2 | ||
10 minutes | 41.8 | ||
Mode of reaching specialist clinic | 896 | ||
By foot or public transportation | 52.5 | ||
Taxi or private care | 47.6 | ||
Neighbourhood problems | 901 | 2.0 (0.44) 1–3 | |
Health behaviour | |||
Health behaviour index | 902 | 2.25 (1.03) 0–4 |
*Higher scores in the continuous variables denote a higher level of the variable.
†N was slightly lower for some variables due to missing values.