Parameter estimates and measures of variation | PTB† | LBW‡ | SGA§ | |||
Crude model | Full model* | Crude model | Full model* | Crude model | Full model* | |
OR (95%CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Proximity to highway | ||||||
<200 m | 1.16 (1.04 to 1.30) | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.27) | 1.22 (1.08 to 1.39) | 1.17 (1.04 to 1.33) | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.19) | 1.06 (0.96 to 1.17) |
⩾200 m (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Maternal education | ||||||
Less than high school graduation | 1.45 (1.43 to 1.56) | 1.63 (1.50 to 1.78) | 1.51 (1.41 to 1.61) | |||
High school graduation | 1.34 (1.23 to 1.45) | 1.35 (1.22 to 1.49) | 1.31 (1.22 to 1.41) | |||
Some college or preuniversity | 1.23 (1.15 to 1.32) | 1.35 (1.25 to 1.46) | 1.22 (1.15 to 1.29) | |||
Some university or better (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Neighbourhood % low-income families | ||||||
Q5 (richest) | 0.80 (0.73 to 0.88) | 0.73 (0.66 to 0.82) | 0.73 (0.67 to 0.80) | |||
Q4 | 0.91 (0.84 to 1.00) | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.92) | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.95) | |||
Q3 | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.06) | 0.87 (0.79 to 0.96) | 0.86 (0.80 to 0.93) | |||
Q2 | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.05) | 0.86 (0.78 to 0.95) | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.95) | |||
Q1 (poorest) (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Model summary | PTB† | LBW‡ | SGA§ | ||||||
Null model | Crude model | Full model* | Null model | Crude model | Full model* | Null model | Crude model | Full model* | |
Area-level variance | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.014 | 0.053 | 0.054 | 0.017 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.020 |
ICC | 1.17% | 1.19% | 0.42% | 1.59% | 1.62% | 0.52% | 1.19% | 1.21% | 0.53% |
MOR | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.12 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.13 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.13 |
PCV | +2.1% | −65.2% | +1.8% | −68.3% | +0.1% | −55.6% |
*Covariates included maternal age, civil status, country of birth, history of prior stillbirth, birth order, newborn sex and year of birth. Models exclude interaction terms.
†Preterm birth.
‡Low birthweight.
§Small-for-gestational-age.