| Characteristic | N (%) of participants | N (%) of disability pension cases | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) for disability pension, adjusted for age and sex |
| Number of participants | 25150 (100) | 93 (100) | ||
| Age* | 1.16 (1.15 to 1.22) | 1.17 (1.12 to 1.22) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 4764 (19) | 15 (16) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Women | 20386 (81) | 78 (84) | 1.22 (0.70 to 2.12) | 1.19 (0.68 to 2.07) |
| Socioeconomic position | ||||
| Upper non-manual | 7066 (28) | 20 (22) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Lower non-manual | 13950 (55) | 51 (55) | 1.30 (0.77 to 2.17) | 1.31 (0.77 to 2.21) |
| Manual | 4134 (16) | 22 (24) | 1.90 (1.03 to 3.50) | 1.90 (1.03 to 3.50) |
| Health risk behaviour | ||||
| Current smoker | ||||
| No | 20267 (81) | 62 (67) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 4883 (19) | 31 (33) | 2.08 (1.35 to 3.21) | 2.16 (1.40 to 3.33) |
| Heavy drinker† | ||||
| No | 23834 (95) | 86 (92) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1316 (5) | 7 (8) | 1.47 (0.68 to 3.20) | 1.46 (0.63 to 3.40) |
| Physically inactive‡ | ||||
| No | 19431 (77) | 57 (61) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 5719 (23) | 36 (39) | 2.15 (1.42 to 3.27) | 2.08 (1.37 to 3.17) |
| Obese (BMI ⩾30 kg/m2) | ||||
| No | 22684 (90) | 73 (78) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2466 (10) | 20 (22) | 2.53 (1.54 to 4.16) | 2.27 (1.38 to 3.73) |
| Health indicators | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| No | 22722 (90) | 80 (86) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2428 (10) | 13 (14) | 1.52 (0.85 to 2.74) | 1.10 (0.61 to 1.98) |
| Musculoskeletal disease | ||||
| No | 19436 (77) | 40 (43) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 5714 (23) | 53 (57) | 4.54 (3.01 to 6.85) | 3.39 (2.24 to 5.14) |
| Respiratory disease | ||||
| No | 22238 (88) | 66 (71) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2912 (12) | 27 (29) | 3.14 (2.01 to 4.93) | 3.08 (1.96 to 4.83) |
| Psychiatric disorder | ||||
| No | 22342 (89) | 61 (66) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2808 (11) | 32 (34) | 4.21 (2.74 to 6.47) | 3.57 (2.32 to 5.50) |
| Psychological distress§ | ||||
| No | 18949 (75) | 54 (58) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 6201 (25) | 39 (42) | 2.22 (1.47 to 3.35) | 2.16 (1.43 to 3.26) |
| Self-rated health status | ||||
| Very good or good | 20208 (80) | 29 (31) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Average or worse | 4942 (20) | 64 (69) | 9.13 (5.88 to 14.17) | 7.17 (4.60 to 11.19) |
*Mean age 40.2 years, SD 6.9. OR refers to 1 year increase in age.
†Average weekly consumption ⩾190 g of absolute alcohol for the women and >275 g for the men = heavy drinker.
‡Leisure time physical activity <2 metabolic equivalent task h/d = physically inactive.
§Individuals scoring ⩾4 using 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire are classified as psychologically distressed.