| N (weighted%) | Weighted% overweight | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Individual | ||||
| Birthweight z-score | 1.36 (1.30 to 1.42) | p<0.001 | ||
| Missing N | 145 | |||
| Child’s gender | p = 0.19 | |||
| Female | 6524 (50) | 24 | 1.07 (0.97 to 1.18) | |
| Male | 6664 (50) | 22 | 1 | |
| Missing N | 0 | |||
| Child’s ethnicity | p<0.001 | |||
| White | 11 136 (87) | 23 | 1 | |
| Mixed | 359 (3) | 23 | 1.00 (0.74 to 1.34) | |
| Indian | 337 (2) | 10 | 0.35 (0.25 to 0.50) | |
| Pakistani | 586 (3) | 19 | 0.75 (0.61 to 0.92) | |
| Bangladeshi | 205 (0.9) | 21 | 0.89 (0.61 to 1.29) | |
| Black | 376 (3) | 30 | 1.40 (1.06 to 1.84) | |
| Other ethnic group | 162 (1) | 20 | 0.84 (0.50 to 1.43) | |
| Missing N | 27 | |||
| Breastfeeding duration | p<0.001 | |||
| Never breastfed | 4203 (30) | 25 | 1 | |
| <4 months | 5515 (42) | 23 | 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) | |
| ⩾4 months | 3454 (28) | 20 | 0.75 (0.66 to 0.85) | |
| Missing N | 16 | |||
| Introduction of solid foods | p<0.001 | |||
| <4 months | 4633 (36) | 26 | 1.25 (1.14 to 1.38) | |
| ⩾4 months | 8544 (64) | 22 | 1 | |
| Missing N | 11 | |||
| TV viewing (hours daily) | p = 0.016 | |||
| <1 | 3055 (23) | 21 | 1 | |
| ⩾1 and <3 | 7746 (60) | 23 | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.28) | |
| ⩾3 | 2355 (17) | 25 | 1.23 (1.06 to 1.43) | |
| Missing N | 32 | |||
| Family | ||||
| Maternal socioeconomic circumstances | p = 0.11 | |||
| Managerial and professional occupations | 3770 (31) | 23 | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.06) | |
| Small employers and own account workers | 474 (4) | 19 | 0.74 (0.58 to 0.96) | |
| Intermediate occupations | 2298 (18) | 21 | 0.84 (0.73 to 0.97) | |
| Lower supervisory and technical occupations | 721 (5) | 23 | 0.94 (0.75 to 1.16) | |
| Semi-routine and routine occupations | 4622 (35) | 24 | 1 | |
| Never worked and long-term unemployed | 1143 (7) | 23 | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.10) | |
| Missing N | 160 | |||
| Maternal highest academic qualification | p = 0.15 | |||
| Degree | 2294 (18) | 22 | 0.86 (0.72 to 1.02) | |
| Diploma in higher education | 1204 (9) | 23 | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.11) | |
| A/AS/S levels | 1283 (10) | 21 | 0.79 (0.65 to 0.96) | |
| O levels/GCSE grades A–C | 4488 (35) | 23 | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.05) | |
| GCSE grades D–G | 1358 (11) | 26 | 1.06 (0.89 to 1.28) | |
| Other academic qualifications | 324 (2) | 22 | 0.89 (0.61 to 1.29) | |
| None of these qualifications | 2210 (15) | 25 | 1 | |
| Missing N | 27 | |||
| Lone motherhood status | p = 0.007 | |||
| Lone mother | 1971 (14) | 26 | 1.21 (1.05 to 1.39) | |
| Non-lone mother | 11 217 (86) | 23 | 1 | |
| Missing N | 0 | |||
| Age at first live birth (years) | p = 0.070 | |||
| 14–19 | 2406 (18) | 23 | 1.02 (0.89 to 1.17) | |
| 20–24 | 3481 (25) | 24 | 1.08 (0.94 to 1.24) | |
| 25–29 | 3750 (30) | 23 | 1 | |
| 30–34 | 2453 (20) | 21 | 0.88 (0.76 to 1.02) | |
| 35+ | 725 (6) | 23 | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.26) | |
| Missing N | 373 | |||
| Age at MCS birth (years) | p = 0.70 | |||
| 14–19 | 984 (8) | 23 | 0.96 (0.80 to 1.16) | |
| 20–24 | 2298 (16) | 23 | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.10) | |
| 25–29 | 3662 (28) | 24 | 1 | |
| 30–34 | 4038 (31) | 22 | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.03) | |
| 35+ | 2197 (17) | 23 | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.12) | |
| Missing N | 9 | |||
| Parity | p = 0.32 | |||
| First live birth | 5437 (42) | 23 | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.05) | |
| Not first live birth | 7608 (58) | 23 | 1 | |
| Missing N | 143 | |||
| Number of children in the household | p = 0.50 | |||
| 1 | 3275 (25) | 23 | 1 | |
| 2 or 3 | 8519 (66) | 23 | 1.02 (0.91 to 1.13) | |
| 4 or more | 1363 (9) | 24 | 1.10 (0.93 to 1.30) | |
| Missing N | 31 | |||
| Household income | p = 0.11 | |||
| £0–11 000 per annum | 3055 (22) | 24 | 1.18 (1.01 to 1.37) | |
| £11 000–22 000 per annum | 3871 (28) | 24 | 1.18 (1.02 to 1.36) | |
| £22 000–33 000 per annum | 2791 (23) | 24 | 1.17 (1.00 to 1.36) | |
| £33 000+ per annum | 3164 (27) | 21 | 1 | |
| Missing N | 307 | |||
| Smoking during pregnancy (daily) | ||||
| None | 10 130 (77) | 22 | 1 | p = 0.009 |
| 1–9 | 1558 (12) | 25 | 1.17 (1.00 to 1.36) | |
| 10–19 | 975 (7) | 28 | 1.34 (1.11 to 1.61) | |
| 20+ | 470 (4) | 24 | 1.12 (0.85 to 1.47) | |
| Missing N | 55 | |||
| Parental overweight | p<0.001 | |||
| Both | 2343 (18) | 32 | 2.26 (1.96 to 2.59) | |
| Mother only | 2450 (19) | 27 | 1.78 (1.54 to 2.05) | |
| Father only | 3302 (27) | 21 | 1.31 (1.14 to 1.50) | |
| Neither | 4674 (37) | 17 | 1 | |
| Missing N | 419 | |||
| Maternal prepregnancy overweight | p<0.001 | |||
| Yes | 3625 (28) | 31 | 1.83 (1.66 to 2.02) | |
| No | 8772 (72) | 20 | 1 | |
| Missing N | 791 | |||
| Maternal hours worked per week | p = 0.024 | |||
| Never worked | 5484 (41) | 22 | 1 | |
| 1–20 hours | 3463 (28) | 22 | 0.98 (0.88 to 1.09) | |
| 21+ hours | 4183 (31) | 25 | 1.15 (1.02 to 1.29) | |
| Missing N | 58 | |||
| Whether child has meals at regular times | p = 0.43 | |||
| Always | 6261 (47) | 23 | 1 | |
| Usually | 5669 (44) | 24 | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.16) | |
| Never or sometimes | 1226 (8) | 22 | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.14) | |
| Missing N | 32 | |||
| Community | ||||
| Easy access to food shops and supermarkets | p = 0.29 | |||
| Very common | 7234 (56) | 23 | 1 | |
| Fairly common | 3971 (30) | 23 | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.12) | |
| Not very common | 1221 (9) | 26 | 1.19 (0.99 to 1.42) | |
| Not at all common | 736 (5) | 24 | 1.08 (0.88 to 1.32) | |
| Missing N | 26 | |||
| Neighbourhood conditions: noisy neighbours to rubbish, vandalism, pollution | p = 0.17 | |||
| Very common | 862 (6) | 22 | 0.96 (0.79 to 1.17) | |
| Fairly common | 2212 (16) | 25 | 1.15 (1.00 to 1.32) | |
| Not very common | 5060 (39) | 23 | 1.00 (0.90 to 1.11) | |
| Not at all common | 5032 (39) | 23 | 1 | |
| Missing N | 22 | |||
| Satisfaction with area where family lives | p = 0.10 | |||
| Very satisfied | 5587 (44) | 22 | 1 | |
| Fairly satisfied | 5197 (38) | 24 | 1.10 (0.99 to 1.21) | |
| Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 964 (7) | 26 | 1.27 (1.05 to 1.53) | |
| Fairly dissatisfied | 916 (6) | 23 | 1.09 (0.90 to 1.32) | |
| Very dissatisfied | 500 (4) | 22 | 1.02 (0.79 to 1.31) | |
| Missing N | 24 | |||
| Whether there are any places where children can play safely | p = 0.22 | |||
| Yes | 8078 (65) | 23 | 1 | |
| No | 4926 (35) | 24 | 1.07 (0.96 to 1.18) | |
| Missing N | 184 | |||
| Access to a garden | p = 0.015 | |||
| Yes | 11 899 (90) | 23 | 1 | |
| No | 1272 (10) | 27 | 1.24 (1.04 to 1.48) | |
| Missing N | 17 | |||
| Area | ||||
| Country | p<0.001 | |||
| England | 8272 (58) | 23 | 1 | |
| Wales | 2010 (16) | 27 | 1.26 (1.11 to 1.44) | |
| Scotland | 1616 (13) | 24 | 1.08 (0.93 to 1.24) | |
| Northern Ireland | 1290 (12) | 27 | 1.28 (1.13 to 1.46) | |
| Missing N | 0 | |||
| Ward type | p<0.001 | |||
| Advantaged | 5562 (60) | 22 | 1 | |
| Disadvantaged | 6117 (35) | 25 | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.26) | |
| Ethnic | 1509 (5) | 20 | 0.85 (0.76 to 0.95) | |
| Missing N | 0 | |||
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.