Characteristics of datasets included in the systematic review and their agreement with consumption expenditure

Study (first author)DatasetStudy limitations*Indicators included in wealth index†Consumption equivalence scaleWealth index–consumption expenditure associationStrength of agreement between wealth index and consumption expenditure
TotalDSHCAOther
Ferguson55Peru 2000 LSMS; N∼4000M, H2421111TotalSpearman’s rank correlation coefficient  = 0.734STRONG
Jamal40Pakistan Integrated Household Survey 2001/2 URBANM, U, N, H30172812RTotalR2 value from regressions of indicators on consumption expenditure  = 0.69STRONG
Jamal40Pakistan Integrated Household Survey 2001/2 RURALM, U, N, H30172812RTotalR2 value from regressions of indicators on consumption expenditure  = 0.52STRONG
McKenzie45Mexico Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares 1998; N = 10 773M271845Not presentedRank correlation coefficient  = 0.894STRONG
Filmer46Brazil 1996/7 LSMS; N = 4940M29236Per capita% households in poorest quintile of expenditures in same quintile of wealth index  = 68%MODERATE
Filmer46Panama 1991 LSMS; N = 4945M272115Per capita% households in poorest quintile of expenditures in same quintile of wealth index  = 72%MODERATE
Grosch44Jamaica LSMS 1989; N∼4000M, H2493561Per capitaR2 value from regressions of indicators on consumption expenditure  = 0.41MODERATE
Sahn16Peru 1994 LSMS; N = 3623M95211Per capitaCorrespondence index  = 0.28MODERATE
Sahn16South Africa 1994 LSMS; N = 8848M95211Per capitaCorrespondence index  = 0.31MODERATE
Sahn16Vietnam 1998 LSMS; N = 5999M95211Per capitaCorrespondence index  = 0.36MODERATE
Skoufias42Mexico 1998 Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares RURAL; N = 4378M, U, H201352TotalSensitivity  = 67.6%MODERATE
Sumarto43Indonesia National Socioeconomic Survey 1999 URBANM, H, N2872191L, 8PPer capitaGrouped into bottom 30%, middle 40% and top 30%MODERATE
63.7% households in same group
Sumarto43Indonesia National Socioeconomic Survey 1999 RURALM, H, N31741101L, 8PPer capitaGrouped into bottom 30%, middle 40% and top 30%MODERATE
60.1% households in same group
Ward21Tanzanian Household Budget Survey 2000/1; N = 20 883M2691610PPer adult equivalent% households in same tercile  = 62.1%MODERATE
Azzarri56Albania 2002 LSMS; N = 3600M1361211L, 2WPer capita% households in same quartile  = 56.8%WEAK
Filmer5Indonesia DHS 1994; N = 16 242M, H13634Per adult equivalentClassified into poorest 40%, middle 40%, and top 20%. 54.9% households in same groupWEAK
Filmer5Pakistan Integrated Household Survey 1991 (LSMS); N = 1192M, H15744Per adult equivalentClassified into poorest 40%, middle 40%, and top 20%. 50.0% households in same groupWEAK
Filmer5Nepal Living Standards Survey 1996 (LSMS); N = 3372M, H16646Per adult equivalentClassified into poorest 40%, middle 40%, and top 20%. 56.0% households in same groupWEAK
Filmer46Nicaragua 2001 LSMS; N = 4191M322444Per capita% households in poorest quintile of expenditures in same quintile of wealth index  = 56%WEAK
Filmer46Uganda 2000 LSMS; N = 10 696M16925Per capita% households in poorest quintile of expenditures in same quintile of wealth index  = 52%WEAK
Filmer46Zambia 2004 LSMS; N = 19 247M342644Per capita% households in poorest quintile of expenditures in same quintile of wealth index  = 42%WEAK
Howe57Malawi LSMS 2004/5; N = 11 280M12642Per capita% households in same quintile  = 29.2%WEAK
Khe37Bavi District epidemiological field study; N = 11 547L, R, M, H15141LPer capitaSensitivity  = 50.8%WEAK
Lindelow47Mozambique National Household Survey on Living Conditions; N = 8250M, H12732Per capita% households in same quintile  = 25.1%WEAK
Montgomery38Ghana 1998 LSMS; N = 4291M, H12651Per adult equivalentR2 value from regressions of index on consumption expenditure  = 0.104WEAK
Montgomery38Guatemala Encuesta de Salud Familiar 1995; N = 2816L, C, R, M, H12651Per adult equivalentR2 value from regressions of index on consumption expenditure  = 0.077WEAK
Montgomery38Tanzania 1993/4 LSMS; N = 6742M, H10451Per adult equivalentR2 value from regressions of index on consumption expenditure  = 0.155WEAK
Rutstein4Guatemala Health Demand and Expenditure Survey 1997; N = 2562L, R, M, H13832Total% households in same quintile  = 36%WEAK
Sahn16Côte d’Ivoire 1988 LSMS; N = 1600M95211Per capita% households in same quintile  = 37.0%WEAK
Sahn16Ghana 1988 LSMS; N = 3192M95211Per capita% households in same quintile  = 30.6%WEAK
Sahn16Ghana 1992 LSMS; N = 4552M95211Per capita% households in same quintile  = 30.7%WEAK
Sahn16Jamaica 1998 LSMS; N = 7375M95211Per capitaCorrespondence index  = 0.60WEAK
Sahn16Madagascar 1993 LSMS; N = 4800M95211Per capitaCorrespondence index  = 0.73WEAK
Sahn16Papua New Guinea 1996 LSMS; N = 1396M84211Per capitaCorrespondence index  = 0.64WEAK
Sahn16Vietnam 1993 LSMS; N = 4800M95211Per capita% households in same quintile  = 35.5%WEAK
Skoufias42Mexico 1998 Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares URBAN; N = 9001M, U, H201352Per capitaSensitivity  = 53.4%WEAK

  • *Key to methodological limitations: Measurement of wealth index: I  =  included narrower range of indicators than standard DHS indices; Measurement of consumption expenditure: L  =  limited details provided, C  =  restricted list of items; Study design: R  =  not nationally representative; Analysis features: M  =  missing data excluded or not mentioned at all, U  =  analysis only performed separately for different areas, N  =  sample size not reported, H  =  clustered sampling not discussed or not taken into account in analysis.

  • †Key to indicator types: D, consumer durables (includes all durables, domestic appliances, vehicles, telephones, etc.); S, access to services (includes water supply, sanitation facilities, fuels used, healthcare use); H, housing characteristics (includes dwelling materials, ownership status, etc.); C, demographics and human capital (includes education, occupation, family size and composition, crowding, etc.); A, area; Other categories: P, purchases, consumption indicators and clothing; L, livestock; R, remittances; W, subjective well-being.

  • LSMS, Living Standards Measurement Survey.