| Panel A. Crude association | Panel B. Adjusted for participant demographic characteristics only* | Panel C. Adjusted for participant demographic characteristics, recent life events, lifetime traumatic events and previous HIV testing* | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Very high levels of non-specific psychological distress | 1.38 (1.06 to 1.81) | 1.46 (1.12 to 1.92) | 1.23 (0.92 to 1.62) |
| Any DSM-IV disorder | 1.63 (1.31 to 2.03) | 1.64 (1.31 to 2.07) | 1.43 (1.15 to 1.78) |
| Any depressive disorder | 1.38 (1.05 to 1.80) | 1.41 (1.08 to 1.83) | 1.24 (0.95 to 1.62) |
| Major depressive disorder | 1.33 (1.01 to 1.76) | 1.36 (1.03 to 1.78) | 1.17 (0.89 to 1.54) |
| Minor depressive disorder | 1.68 (0.72 to 3.92) | 1.80 (0.85 to 3.79) | 1.96 (0.89 to 4.33) |
| Any anxiety disorder | 1.58 (1.24 to 2.01) | 1.56 (1.19 to 2.03) | 1.37 (1.08 to 1.76) |
| Agoraphobia | 1.42 (1.10 to 1.85) | 1.35 (1.02 to 1.80) | 1.24 (0.95 to 1.61) |
| Generalised anxiety disorder | 1.85 (1.18 to 2.91) | 2.06 (1.25 to 3.37) | 1.72 (1.05 to 2.82) |
| Panic disorder | 1.50 (0.64 to 3.50) | 1.62 (0.63 to 4.16) | 1.36 (0.53 to 3.52) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 1.31 (0.52 to 3.29) | 1.62 (0.54 to 4.87) | 1.26 (0.44 to 3.57) |
| Social phobia | 2.08 (1.30 to 3.33) | 2.00 (1.17 to 3.42) | 1.74 (1.02 to 2.98) |
| Any substance-related disorder | 2.12 (1.42 to 3.18) | 2.14 (1.40 to 3.27) | 1.89 (1.28 to 2.79) |
| Alcohol dependence/abuse | 1.93 (1.26 to 2.95) | 1.98 (1.26 to 3.10) | 1.76 (1.15 to 2.69) |
| Drug dependence/abuse | 3.70 (1.58 to 8.68) | 3.27 (1.31 to 8.14) | 2.92 (1.22 to 6.96) |
All results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
*Participant demographic characteristics included in these models were age categories, sex, race and location (rural or urban); measures of socioeconomic status included in these models were education categories, employment status, household income and household asset ownership.