| Childhood measures from birth to age 16 | Malaise score, age 33 NCDS cohort; age 30 BCS cohort | Association between malaise score ⩾7, indicating poor mental well-being, and childhood measures, logistic models | ||||
| <7 | ⩾7 | Individual childhood measures* | Full model† | |||
| N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Socioeconomic deprivation | ||||||
| No evidence | 11 780 (88.8) | 1487 (11.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Some deprivation | 6253 (84.7) | 1130 (15.3) | 1.48 (1.36 to 1.61) | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.09 to 1.31) | <0.001 |
| Severe deprivation | 1061 (76.9) | 319 (23.1) | 2.55 (2.22 to 2.93) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.34 to 1.83) | <0.001 |
| Family housing tenure | ||||||
| Consistent home owners | 8710 (88.8) | 1094 (11.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Other tenures | 4757 (85.7) | 794 (14.3) | 1.41 (1.27 to 1.55) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.07 to 1.32) | 0.002 |
| Consistent social housing | 5227 (84.2) | 979 (15.8) | 1.70 (1.54 to 1.86) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.06 to 1.31) | 0.003 |
| Family disruption | ||||||
| No evidence | 15 553 (88.1) | 2104 (11.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Some disruption | 3646 (80.9) | 859 (19.1) | 1.63 (1.49 to 1.78) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.24 to 1.49) | <0.001 |
| Parental interest | ||||||
| Interested | 12 526 (88.2) | 1681 (11.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Lacking interest | 1884 (82.2) | 407 (17.8) | 1.92 (1.70 to 2.17) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.12 to 1.45) | <0.001 |
| Behaviour problems | ||||||
| No indication | 15 478 (88.0) | 2112 (12.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Any high | 2428 (82.3) | 522 (17.7) | 1.72 (1.55 to 1.92) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.30 to 1.62) | <0.001 |
| Consistently high | 675 (76.4) | 209 (23.6) | 2.66 (2.26 to 3.14) | <0.001 | 1.96 (1.65 to 2.32) | <0.001 |
| Academic test scores | ||||||
| NCDS, no low scores | 6885 (92.9) | 530 (7.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Any low score | 1570 (87.7) | 221 (12.3) | 1.86 (1.57 to 2.20) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.25 to 1.76) | <0.001 |
| Consistently low scores | 1499 (83.1) | 304 (16.9) | 2.70 (2.32 to 3.15) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.56 to 2.16) | <0.001 |
| BCS, no low scores | 5759 (85.4) | 981 (14.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Any low score | 1938 (78.8) | 521 (21.2) | 1.59 (1.41 to 1.78) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1.16 to 1.49) | <0.001 |
| Consistently low scores | 795 (77.1) | 236 (22.9) | 1.75 (1.49 to 2.05) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.08 to 1.52) | 0.004 |
| Birth weight | ||||||
| >3.0 kg | 13 487 (87.4) | 1945 (12.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 2.51–3 kg | 3280 (84.9) | 585 (15.1) | 1.17 (1.06 to 1.30) | 0.002 | 1.06 (0.96 to 1.18) | 0.25 |
| ⩽2.5 kg | 1009 (83.8) | 195 (16.2) | 1.30 (1.10 to 1.53) | 0.002 | 1.08 (0.91 to 1.27) | 0.379 |
| Health difficulties | ||||||
| No indication | 14 661 (88.0) | 2001 (12.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Any indication | 3198 (83.9) | 613 (16.1) | 1.46 (1.32 to 1.61) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.10 to 1.36) | <0.001 |
| Repeated indication | 543 (74.2) | 189 (25.8) | 2.96 (2.48 to 3.53) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.71 to 2.47) | <0.001 |
| Cohort and gender | ||||||
| NCDS, male | 5112 (93.1) | 379 (6.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| NCDS, female | 4990 (87.7) | 699 (12.3) | 1.89 (1.66 to 2.15) | <0.001 | 2.00 (1.75 to 2.29) | <0.001 |
| BCS, male | 4581 (85.8) | 761 (14.2) | 2.24 (1.97 to 2.55) | <0.001 | 2.78 (2.38 to 3.25) | <0.001 |
| BCS, female | 4551 (80.1) | 1129 (19.9) | 3.35 (2.96 to 3.78) | <0.001 | 4.23 (3.64 to 4.92) | <0.001 |
*Adjusted for cohort and gender.
†Adjusted for cohort, gender and all childhood measures.