Table 1 Crude description of cohort, including anthropometry (mean (SD)) and childhood socioeconomic circumstances (%) | Men | Women |
| Czech Republic | Russia | Poland | Czech Republic | Russia | Poland |
| No of participants | 3110 | 3892 | 4336 | 3634 | 4643 | 4559 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 58.9 (7.0) | 58.6 (6.8) | 58.0 (7.0) | 58.0 (6.9) | 58.3 (6.9) | 57.4 (7.0) |
| Height (cm) | | | | | | |
| Mean (SD) | 174.9 (6.4) | 171.1 (6.4) | 172.2 (6.3) | 161.9 (6.1) | 158.2 (6.0) | 159.4 (5.9) |
| Leg length (cm) | | | | | | |
| Mean (SD) | 84.8 (4.5) | 80.7 (4.4) | 81.8 (4.5) | 77.1 (4.3) | 73.1 (4.2) | 74.3 (4.3) |
| Trunk length (cm) | | | | | | |
| Mean (SD) | 90.1 (3.8) | 90.4 (3.5) | 90.4 (3.6) | 84.9 (3.7) | 85.1 (3.3) | 85.1 (3.4) |
| Leg/trunk ratio | | | | | | |
| Mean (SD) | 0.94 (0.1) | 0.89 (0.1) | 0.91 (0.1) | 0.91 (0.1) | 0.86 (0.1) | 0.87 (0.1) |
| Childhood asset score | | | | | | |
| 0 (%) | 1.1 | 9.6 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 9.3 | 5.1 |
| 1 (%) | 3.5 | 35.5 | 13.4 | 2.4 | 32.5 | 11.8 |
| 2 (%) | 9.1 | 24.6 | 20.9 | 9.1 | 27.0 | 19.7 |
| 3 (%) | 16.6 | 10.0 | 15.2 | 16.6 | 11.4 | 15.0 |
| 4 (%) | 30.5 | 6.2 | 12.1 | 29.2 | 6.8 | 13.0 |
| 5 (%) | 18.3 | 5.1 | 11.9 | 19.6 | 5.0 | 12.4 |
| 6 (%) | 20.9 | 8.9 | 20.6 | 22.6 | 8.1 | 23.1 |
| Mean (SD) | 4.1 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.7) | 3.3 (1.9) | 4.2 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.7) | 3.5 (1.9) |
| Father’s education | | | | | | |
| Less than primary (%) | – | 19.6 | 8.9 | – | 22.0 | 8.3 |
| Primary (%) | – | 32.5 | 42.0 | – | 30.9 | 42.4 |
| Vocational (%) | – | 18.0 | 20.9 | – | 19.5 | 20.6 |
| Secondary (%) | – | 20.4 | 17.1 | – | 19.3 | 17.8 |
| University (%) | – | 9.6 | 11.1 | – | 8.3 | 10.8 |
| Mother’s education | | | | | | |
| Less than primary (%) | – | 25.1 | 10.4 | – | 28.2 | 9.8 |
| Primary (%) | – | 31.7 | 52.0 | – | 30.2 | 52.3 |
| Vocational (%) | – | 15.9 | 13.0 | – | 17.1 | 13.6 |
| Secondary (%) | – | 21.7 | 20.9 | – | 20.0 | 20.2 |
| University (%) | – | 5.7 | 3.8 | – | 4.4 | 4.2 |