| Denmark | Finland | Norway | Sweden | ||
| β (95% CL) | β (95% CL) | β (95% CL) | β (95% CL) | ||
| 1981–1985 | <10 years | −41 (−46 to −35) | −43 (−50 to −36) | −22 (−26 to −17) | |
| 10–12 years | −28 (−33 to −23) | −22 (−27 to −17) | −15 (−19 to −12) | ||
| >12 years | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | ||
| SII* | 54 (46 to 61) | 53 (44 to 61) | 26 (20 to 32) | ||
| 1986–1990 | <10 years | −54 (−59 to −48) | −18 (−26 to −11) | −52 (−59 to −45) | −25 (−29 to −20) |
| 10–12 years | −31 (−35 to −26) | −6 (−12 to 0) | −23 (−28 to −19) | −14 (−17 to −10) | |
| >12 years | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | |
| SII* | 70 (63 to 77) | 24 (13 to 34) | 59 (50 to 67) | 29 (24 to 34) | |
| 1991–1995 | <10 years | −53 (−58 to −48) | −23 (−30 to −17) | −55 (−63 to −48) | −22 (−26 to −17) |
| 10–12 years | −21 (−25 to −17) | −3 (−8 to 3) | −24 (−28 to −19) | −4 (−7 to 0) | |
| >12 years | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | |
| SII* | 68 (61 to 75) | 28 (19 to 37) | 60 (52 to 69) | 23 (18 to 29) | |
| 1996–2000 | <10 years | −56 (−61 to −50) | −35 (−42 to −27) | −39 (−47 to −30) | −32 (−38 to −26) |
| 10–12 years | −22 (−26 to −17) | −12 (−18 to −7) | −13 (−18 to −9) | −6 (−10 to −2) | |
| >12 years | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | |
| SII* | 69 (62 to 77) | 44 (34 to 54) | 36 (28 to 45) | 31 (25 to 38) |
95% Confidence intervals (95% CL) in parentheses. All estimates adjusted for gestational age, parity, mother’s age, whether a father was known, mother’s education and father’s age.
*Fathers with missing data on education were omitted from the analyses of slope index of inequality (SII), except for Finland, where all with missing values were assumed to have less than 10 years of education. Finnish data for 1986–1990 refer to data for 1987–1990.