Table 3 Relative risks by suicide methods in EAAD countries comparing males to females
Poisoning by drugsPoisoning by other meansHangingDrowningFirearmsJumpingMoving objectOther methods
Belgium
    RR0.39*1.21.55*0.38*3.20*0.43*0.830.73*
    95% CI0.33 to 0.460.87 to 1.621.45 to 1.670.32 to 0.442.45 to 4.190.34 to 0.550.66 to 1.050.57 to 0.93
England
    RR0.36*2.54*1.52*0.46*6.39*0.73*0.921.35*
    95% CI0.34 to 0.382.17 to 2.981.45 to 1.590.38 to 0.564.10 to 9.960.60 to 0.890.79 to 1.071.12 to 1.69
Estonia
    RR0.17*0.931.12*0.16*5.14*0.31*uc†1.35
    95% CI0.10 to 0.270.49 to 1.781.05 to 1.200.06 to 0.462.48 to 10.740.18 to 0.440.78 to 2.35
Finland
    RR0.34*4.91*1.61*0.38*11.68*0.72*0.791.53*
    95% CI0.32 to 0.373.15 to 7.671.45 to 1.790.31 to 0.478.37 to 16.330.58 to 0.900.63 to 1.001.16 to 2.03
Germany
    RR0.35*1.32*1.45*0.29*8.02*0.55*1.060.85*
    95% CI0.34 to 0.371.20 to 1.451.42 to 1.480.27 to 0.327.03 to 9.150.52 to 0.580.99 to 1.140.80 to 0.90
Hungary
    RR0.26*0.77*1.54*0.31*7.39*0.52*1.081.11
    95% CI0.24 to 0.280.66 to 0.891.48 to 1.600.24 to 0.394.70 to 11.640.45 to 0.590.85 to 1.380.95 to 1.31
Iceland
    RR0.50*0.602.20*0.38*uc†1.97uc†1.15
    95% CI0.32 to 0.810.25 to 1.511.14 to 4.560.15 to 0.950.33 to 12.350.29 to 4.77
Ireland
    RR0.28*2.31*1.80*0.63*4.00*0.51*0.41*0.98
    95% CI0.23 to 0.351.03 to 5.211.58 to 2.060.53 to 0.762.09 to 7.680.29 to 0.890.25 to 0.670.42 to 2.31
Italy
    RR0.361.251.92*0.41*4.460.42*0.301.63
    95% CI0.12 to 1.080.52 to 3.131.33 to 2.920.18 to 0.960.79 to 26.310.26 to 0.680.08 to 1.070.42 to 6.51
Luxembourg
    RR0.34*0.902.56*1.1913.97*0.52*0.760.91
    95% CI0.21 to 0.540.45 to 1.861.60 to 4.200.37 to 3.932.52 to 80.140.36 to 0.760.22 to 2.660.47 to 1.80
Netherlands
    RR0.44*1.50*1.43*0.62*8.67*0.76*0.971.14
    95% CI0.40 to 0.491.16 to 1.941.35 to 1.520.54 to 0.725.11 to 14.740.67 to 0.870.86 to 1.100.96 to 1.36
Portugal
    RR0.23*0.61*1.66*0.33*4.63*0.49*0.830.98
    95% CI0.17 to 0.310.53 to 0.701.52 to 1.820.27 to 0.413.24 to 6.660.39 to 0.600.47 to 1.480.79 to 1.22
Scotland
    RR0.38*6.15*1.69*0.60*19.47*0.891.551.08
    95% CI0.34 to 0.423.31 to 11.471.53 to 1.860.44 to 0.823.41 to 111.630.66 to 1.190.90 to 2.680.78 to 1.48
Slovenia
    RR0.26*1.431.19*0.19*11.62*0.39*0.42*0.91
    95% CI0.18 to 0.380.99 to 2.051.10 to 1.280.14 to 0.275.63 to 24.130.29 to 0.540.25 to 0.700.62 to 1.34
Spain
    RR0.41*0.68*1.79*0.57*7.19*0.49*1.25*0.86*
    95% CI0.36 to 0.470.60 to 0.781.70 to 1.870.50 to 0.655.38 to 9.600.46 to 0.511.04 to 1.490.77 to 0.96
Switzerland
    RR0.35*1.46*1.42*0.30*9.37*0.62*0.70*1.07
    95% CI0.32 to 0.381.07 to 2.001.29 to 1.570.24 to 0.367.48 to 11.740.54 to 0.710.56 to 0.840.84 to 1.36
Total
    RR0.35*1.26*1.53*0.39*7.22*0.54*0.930.94
    95% CI0.33 to 0.371.12 to 1.431.48 to 1.590.35 to 0.445.91 to 8.820.50 to 0.580.83 to 1.040.85 to 1.04

  • *p<0.05; †uncalculable.