Table 5 Multivariate regression model: perceived stress†
Model S1 β (95% CI)Model S2 β (95% CI)Model S3 β (95% CI)Model S4 β (95% CI)Model S5 β (95% CI)
Observations24820024624682
Gender (1  =  female)2.13* (0.48 to 3.78)1.95* (0.02 to 3.88)1.82* (0.25 to 3.38)2.18** (0.58 to 3.79)4.11* (0.93 to 7.30)
Age−0.04 (−0.11 to 0.04)−0.06 (−0.16 to 0.04)−0.04 (−0.12 to 0.03)−0.03 (−0.10 to 0.05)−0.08 (−0.24 to 0.07)
Race
    Multiracial2.68* (0.61 to 4.76)3.08* (0.58 to 5.58)4.44** (2.33 to 6.55)3.40** (1.28 to 5.53)2.84 (−1.04 to 6.73)
    Indian2.47 (−1.46 to 6.40)1.78 (−3.17 to 6.73)3.93* (0.12 to 7.74)2.9 (−0.98 to 6.77)−1.63 (−8.84 to 5.57)
    White−2.47 (−7.45 to 2.51)−2.27 (−7.40 to 2.87)−0.8 (−5.51 to 3.91)−2.18 (−7.03 to 2.68)−0.76 (−7.70 to 6.17)
Province
    KwaZulu-Natal0.37 (−1.75 to 2.48)−0.24 (−2.80 to 2.31)0.7 (−1.30 to 2.69)0.71 (−1.37 to 2.79)0.05 (−4.09 to 4.20)
    Western Cape0.02 (−2.05 to 2.08)0.35 (−1.97 to 2.66)0.26 (−1.70 to 2.21)−0.13 (−2.21 to 1.94)−1.93 (−5.53 to 1.67)
No of people in household0.25*** (−0.01 to 0.50)0.18 (−0.17 to 0.53)0.25* (0.01 to 0.49)0.14 (−0.12 to 0.40)0.54*** (−0.09 to 1.16)
Education
    G8−G12−1.5 (−4.64 to 1.63)
    >G12−1.38 (−5.09 to 2.34)
Regular employment income0.64 (−2.38 to 3.66)
Non-employment income0.39 (−0.92 to 1.69)
Total income in past 30 days−0.55 (−1.57 to 0.46)
Place on community ladder−0.62* (−1.12 to −0.13)
Place on country ladder−0.39 (−0.88 to 0.10)
Place on creditworthy ladder−0.44** (−0.76 to −0.13)
Events not including birth and catastrophe0.53 (−0.21 to 1.27)
Birth4.40** (1.57 to 7.23)
Catastrophe5.31** (1.84 to 8.77)
Solo decision-making−0.05 (−0.82 to 0.72)
Joint decision-making−0.49 (−1.17 to 0.19)
Constant16.73** (13.04 to 20.42)22.70** (14.13 to 31.27)22.70** (18.72 to 26.69)15.05** (11.27 to 18.83)19.99** (7.29 to 32.68)
R-squared0.0790.0960.20.1520.246
  • *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.10. †Perceived stress measured with Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale.31