Table 1 Exposure levels for the five socioeconomic position groups
Exposure variablesI Executive managers/academicsII Middle managers/3–4 years further educationIII Other white collar workersIV Skilled blue-collar workersV Semiskilled and unskilled workers
Extreme bending or twisting of neck/back5.5 (13.2)9.2 (14.7)10.5 (15.7)21.3 (21.1)20.7 (21.4)
Work with arms lifted or hands twisted4.8 (11.0)6.3 (11.7)8.3 (14.1)19.8 (20.9)16.7 (19.7)
Working mainly standing or squatting8.4 (11.6)20.3 (16.0)18.6 (18.9)38.0 (20.5)33.3 (20.4)
Lifting or carrying loads5.2 (10.1)13.3 (17.8)13.6 (18.1)26.2 (22.2)25.0 (20.8)
Pushing or pulling loads4.1 (11.7)11.9 (18.4)13.2 (20.3)23.2 (22.6)26.0 (24.0)
Decision authority66.1 (22.5)57.3 (23.8)47.6 (25.5)45.3 (24.7)34.6 (25.6)
Skill discretion85.4 (12.4)82.9 (13.6)75.6 (16.3)73.8 (16.7)58.8 (22.6)
Quantitative demands51.9 (20.6)42.9 (21.4)37.0 (21.1)35.1 (19.3)29.7 (20.1)
Support67.0 (23.8)69.1 (23.9)70.2 (24.1)67.3 (24.8)66.2 (27.7)
Intensive quantitative demands54.6 (27.0)54.3 (26.8)54.2 (26.5)52.5 (26.3)50.8 (29.6)
  • Exposure levels for the five socioeconomic position groups. Mean score (SD) on indices ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 corresponds to the lowest and 100 corresponds to the highest level.