Cases (n = 602) n (%) | Controls (n = 2999) n (%) | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Group adjusted odds ratio* (95% CI) | Fully adjusted odds ratio† (95% CI) | |
Depression/psychosis | |||||
None | 345 (57.3) | 2614 (87.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Physician coded | 183 (30.4) | 362 (12.1) | 3.95 (3.17 to 4.93) | 3.29 (2.48 to 4.36) | 2.82 (2.11 to 3.79) |
Hospital coded | 74 (12.3) | 23 (0.8) | 26.45 (15.64 to 44.73) | 9.32 (4.92 to 17.67) | 8.50 (4.45 to 16.23) |
Neurosis | |||||
None | 438 (72.8) | 2816 (93.9) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Physician coded | 108 (17.9) | 155 (5.2) | 4.39 (3.35 to 5.75) | 2.47 (1.77 to 3.44) | 1.83 (1.28 to 2.62) |
Hospital coded | 56 (9.3) | 28 (0.9) | 12.68 (7.87 to 20.45) | 3.23 (1.32 to 7.86) | 2.43 (0.99 to 5.95) |
Dementia | |||||
None | 574 (95.3) | 2900 (96.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Physician coded | 9 (1.5) | 47 (1.6) | 0.99 (0.48 to 2.04) | 0.60 (0.26 to 1.38) | |
Hospital coded | 19 (3.2) | 52 (1.7) | 1.85 (1.08 to 3.17) | 0.47 (0.23 to 0.97) | |
Cardiac diagnosis | |||||
None | 420 (69.8) | 2315 (77.2) | 1.0 | ||
Physician coded | 82 (13.6) | 479 (16.0) | 0.95 (0.73 to 1.24) | ||
Hospital coded | 100 (16.6) | 205 (6.8) | 2.67 (2.05 to 3.46) | ||
Hypertension | |||||
None | 431 (71.6) | 2204 (73.5) | 1.0 | ||
Physician coded | 114 (18.9) | 686 (22.9) | 0.85 (0.68 to 1.06) | ||
Hospital coded | 57 (9.5) | 109 (3.6) | 2.62 (1.88 to 3.66) | ||
Stroke | |||||
None | 547 (90.9) | 2865 (95.5) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Physician coded | 27 (4.5) | 64 (2.1) | 2.25 (1.42 to 3.57) | 2.18 (1.25 to 3.83) | 2.39 (1.37 to 4.20) |
Hospital coded | 28 (4.7) | 70 (2.3) | 2.15 (1.40 to 3.39) | 1.01 (0.54 to 1.88) | 1.32 (0.71 to 2.44) |
Diabetes | |||||
None | 536 (89.0) | 2707 (90.3) | 1.0 | ||
Physician coded | 29 (4.8) | 210 (7.0) | 0.69 (0.46 to 1.03) | ||
Hospital coded | 37 (6.1) | 82 (2.7) | 2.27 (1.53 to 3.39) | ||
Cancer | |||||
None | 498 (82.7) | 2651 (88.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Physician coded | 51 (8.5) | 278 (9.3) | 0.99 (0.72 to 1.35) | 1.19 (0.84 to 1.69) | 1.09 (0.76 to 1.57) |
Hospital coded | 53 (8.8) | 70 (2.3) | 3.93 (2 to 72 to 5.67) | 3.28 (2.11 to 5.09) | 2.15 (1.33 to 3.49) |
Incontinence | |||||
None | 512 (85.0) | 2776 (92.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Physician coded | 75 (12.5) | 205 (6.8) | 1.98 (1.50 to 2.62) | 1.66 (1.18 to 2.34) | 1.76 (1.24 to 2.2.49) |
Hospital coded | 15 (2.5) | 18 (0.6) | 4.54 (2.28 to 9.03) | 2.21 (0.92 to 5.29) | 1.84 (0.74 to 4.54) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | |||||
None | 522 (86.7) | 2777 (92.6) | 1.0 | ||
Physician coded | 37 (6.1) | 152 (5.1) | 1.30 (0.89 to 1.89) | ||
Hospital coded | 43 (7.1) | 70 (2.3) | 3.37 (2.26 to 5.02) | ||
Asthma | |||||
None | 576 (95.7) | 2912 (97.1) | 1.0 | ||
Physician coded | 22 (3.7) | 74 (2.5) | 1.53 (0.93 to 2.49) | ||
Hospital coded | 4 (0.7) | 13 (0.4) | 1.59 (0.51 to 4.96) | ||
Liver disease | |||||
None | 539 (89.5) | 2851 (95.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Physician coded | 35 (5.8) | 113 (3.8) | 1.68 (1.11 to 2.42) | 1.19 (0.73 to 1.95) | 0.89 (0.53 to 1.491) |
Hospital coded | 28 (4.7) | 35 (1.2) | 4.32 (2.55 to 7.01) | 2.56 (1.40 to 4.67) | 3.12 (1.707 to 5.75) |
Renal disease | |||||
None | 596 (99.0) | 2967 (98.9) | 1.0 | ||
Physician coded | 5 (0.8) | 29 (1.0) | 0.86 (0.33 to 2.27) | ||
Hospital coded | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 1.66 (0.17 to 15.98) | ||
Osteoporosis | |||||
None | 584 (97.0) | 2963 (98.8) | 1.0 | ||
Physician coded | 5 (0.8) | 15 (0.5) | 1.69 (0.62 to 4.66) | ||
Hospital coded | 13 (2.2) | 21 (0.7) | 3.12 (1.56 to 6.21) | ||
Osteoarthritis | |||||
None | 523 (86.9) | 2687 (89.6) | 1.0 | ||
Physician coded | 69 (11.5) | 270 (9.0) | 1.34 (0.99 to 1.74) | ||
Hospital coded | 10 (1.7) | 42 (1.4) | 1.22 (0.61 to 2.45) | ||
Alcohol abuse | |||||
None | 580 (96.3) | 2978 (99.3) | 1.0 | ||
Physician coded | 4 (0.7) | 7 (0.2) | 2.86 (0.84 to 9.76) | ||
Hospital coded | 18 (3.0) | 14 (0.5) | 6.43 (3.20 to 12.93) | ||
Parasuicide | |||||
None | 537 (89.2) | 2998 (>99.9) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
One or more episodes | 65 (10.8) | 1 (<0.1) | 362.9 (50.2 to 2620) | 135.2 (17.6 to 1040) | 186.5 (24.1 to 1467) |
*Adjusted for group variables (medical and psychiatric co-morbidity only).
†Adjusted for demographics, co-morbidity and medication use.