Proximity to, and density of, fast food restaurants and various types of food stores by neighbourhood socioeconomic status*
| Store type‡ | Neighbourhood SES tertile† | Significant pairwise comparisons§ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High (n = 3993) | Middle (n = 2372) | Low (n = 1230) | |||
| H, high, L, low; M, medium; NS, not significant; SES, socioeconomic status. | |||||
| *Values shown represent mean (SD; range). Values for proximity are obtained by averaging the closest distances of each type of store for all participants (n = 7595) by neighbourhood SES tertile. Values for store density are obtained by averaging the density of each type of store by neighbourhood SES tertile. | |||||
| †Neighbourhood SES index derived from census information on median family income, median housing value, percentage of blue collar workers, percentage of unemployed and percentage having less than high-school education. Tertiles were created from survey-specific data, explaining why NS for all tertiles are not equal. | |||||
| ‡Definitions of store types are given in table 2. | |||||
| §Pairwise comparisons were assessed using Bonferroni’s test at a 5% procedure-wise error rate. | |||||
| ¶Neighbourhood buffer includes neighbourhood and a 0.5 mile surrounding radius. | |||||
| **Using data from Survey 5. | |||||
| Proximity (mean closest distance to participant’s home, in miles) | Fast food | 0.897 (0.631; 0.014–5.081) | 0.613 (0.372; 0.011–2.256) | 0.853 (0.555; 0.039–2.905) | All (p<0.05) |
| Convenience | 0.960 (0.654; 0.008–4.827) | 0.556 (0.382; 0.007–2.492) | 0.501 (0.301; 0.004–1.827) | All (p<0.01) | |
| Small grocery | 1.046 (0.883; 0.011–5.562) | 0.787 (0.420; 0.021–2.754) | 0.481 (0.333; 0.012–1.817) | All (p<0.001) | |
| Ethnic market | 1.398 (1.131; 0.000–5.486) | 1.044 (0.877; 0.000–4.073) | 1.321 (0.966; 0.027–4.374) | All (p<0.05) | |
| Supermarket | 1.050 (0.613; 0.019–4.753) | 0.731 (0.454; 0.017–3.549) | 0.822 (0.528; 0.019–2.740) | All (p<0.001) | |
| Store type‡ | High (n = 25) | Middle (n = 25) | Low (n = 29) | ||
| Store density (count per square mile) in neighbourhood and buffer zone¶,** | Fast food | 4.39 (4.41; 0–13.15) | 5.27 (4.39; 0–15.16) | 2.76 (3.63; 0–14.33) | NS |
| Convenience | 3.16 (4.75; 0–17.53) | 3.85 (3.23; 0–13.72) | 3.94 (3.26; 0.40–14.34) | NS | |
| Small grocery | 3.48 (3.96; 0–13.15) | 2.82 (3.22; 0–12.30) | 5.54 (5.47; 0–20.74) | NS | |
| Ethnic market | 0.61 (1.13; 0–3.53) | 0.83 (1.23; 0–4.20) | 2.77 (3.74; 0–14.51) | L vs M, H (p<0.01) | |
| Supermarket | 1.19 (1.54; 0–5.00) | 1.21 (1.62; 0–6.38) | 1.29 (1.67; 0–7.33) | NS | |