Table 4

Estimated odds ratios (OR) from multilevel logistic regressions for the effects of state tobacco control policies, and school and individual level tobacco control factors on smoking initiation and adverse transition in low, middle, and high SES female groups

Variable	Initiation compared with never smoked						Adverse transition compared with never smoked
	Low SES		Middle SES		High SES		Low SES		Middle SES		High SES
	OR	p Value	OR	p Value	OR	p Value	OR	p Value	OR	p Value	OR	p Value
Estimated odds ratios from the full model shown here include the state law total score as a state policy variable as well as other individual and school level variables. All other models include each of the policy variables and the same set of individual and school level variables in separate models. Because estimates of other variables in those separate models are similar, they are not shown here. Bold type shows statistically significant at least 0.10 level.
State level
State total score	0.95	0.008	0.98	0.36	1.00	0.88	0.96	0.009	0.98	0.25	1.01	0.38
School level
Smoking rates at school (%)	1.01	0.19	0.99	0.50	1.00	0.92	1.02	0.006	1.01	0.10	1.01	0.57
Individual level
Cigarettes availability at home
Not easily available at home	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−
Easily available at home	1.48	0.02	1.57	0.03	2.00	0.01	1.65	<0.001	1.46	0.03	2.50	<0.001
Among three best friends…
No best friend smoked	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−
One best friend smoked	1.07	0.75	1.68	0.05	1.11	0.74	1.59	0.001	2.39	<0.0001	1.79	0.03
Two best friend smoked	1.42	0.24	2.92	0.04	2.21	0.13	2.59	<0.0001	7.61	<0.0001	4.75	<0.001
Three best friend smoked	1.11	0.79	1.40	0.57	1.16	0.88	2.67	0.001	4.94	<0.001	4.33	0.03
When state tobacco control policy variables used as a single variable in separate models
Statewide enforcement	0.89	0.03	0.91	0.06	1.00	0.96	0.91	0.02	0.91	0.03	1.02	0.61
Random inspections	0.88	0.07	0.90	0.07	0.94	0.35	0.90	0.06	0.90	0.04	0.99	0.90
Graduated penalties	0.99	0.89	0.99	0.91	1.05	0.50	0.99	0.83	0.99	0.92	1.02	0.67
Photo identification	0.85	0.05	0.95	0.53	1.10	0.36	0.89	0.07	0.98	0.77	1.11	0.25
Free distribution	0.81	0.13	0.95	0.61	0.99	0.91	0.83	0.07	0.99	0.88	1.02	0.85
Minimum age	0.89	0.64	0.93	0.75	1.29	0.29	0.94	0.74	0.83	0.31	1.33	0.16
Packaging	0.97	0.70	0.95	0.36	1.08	0.20	0.96	0.47	0.95	0.23	1.08	0.15
Vending machine	0.92	0.54	0.84	0.17	0.96	0.74	0.92	0.48	0.93	0.49	1.05	0.66
State cigarette excise tax 1995	1.53	0.52	0.97	0.96	2.28	0.23	0.84	0.74	1.51	0.42	2.37	0.15
Other individual level demographic/family characteristics
Race/ethnicity
White and other races	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−
Hispanic	1.30	0.24	0.70	0.27	0.54	0.31	1.03	0.88	0.73	0.24	0.63	0.34
African American	0.80	0.24	0.78	0.26	0.33	<0.0001	0.57	<0.001	0.58	0.001	0.28	<0.0001
Age	0.79	<0.0001	0.87	0.03	0.94	0.45	0.80	<0.001	0.85	0.001	0.97	0.61
Parent structure
Not lived with two biological parents	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−	1.00	−
Lived with two biological parents	0.84	0.25	0.89	0.56	0.93	0.72	0.82	0.14	0.75	0.08	0.75	0.14
Family bonding	0.90	0.33	0.74	0.04	1.01	0.95	0.74	<0.001	0.66	0.001	0.79	0.09
Sample size	126 schools; 33 states;		123 schools; 32 states;		109 schools; 32 states;		126 schools; 33 states;		123 schools; 32 states;		109 schools; 32 states;
	932 females		551 females		510 females		1245 females		812 females		640 females