GHQ negative men n (%) | GHQ positive men n (%) | GHQ negative women n (%) | GHQ positive women n (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
*p<0.05; **p<0.001. | ||||
Number | 2526 (86.0) | 405 (14.0) | 2926 (80.0) | 718 (20.0)** |
Chronic bronchitis | 448 (17.7) | 65 (16.0) | 271 (9.3) | 79 (11.0) |
No chronic bronchitis | 2078 (82.3) | 340 (84.0) | 2655 (90.7) | 639 (89.0) |
Mean age (SD) | 54 (5.6) | 54 (5.6) | 55 (5.5) | 54 (5.5)** |
Smoking habits: | ||||
Never | 441 (17.5) | 56 (13.8)* | 1393 (47.6) | 282 (39.3)** |
Smoker | 1412 (55.9) | 262 (64.7)* | 1298 (44.4) | 385 (53.6)** |
Former smoker | 673 (26.6) | 87 (21.5) | 235 (8.0) | 51 (7.1) |
Social class: | ||||
Non-manual | 901 (35.7) | 124 (30.6)* | 1414 (48.3) | 316 (44.0)* |
Manual | 1625 (64.3) | 281 (69.4) | 1512 (51.7) | 402 (56.0) |
Marital status: | ||||
Married | 2232 (88.4) | 332 (82.0)** | 2078 (71.0) | 513 (71.4) |
Not married | 294 (11.6) | 73 (18.0) | 848 (29.0) | 205 (28.6) |
Mean BMI (SD) | 26.0 (3.4) | 25.6 (3.4)* | 25.5 (4.2) | 25.3 (4.6)** |
Angina | ||||
Yes | 362 (14.3) | 262 (64.7)** | 340 (11.6) | 207 (28.8)** |
No | 2164 (85.7) | 143 (35.3) | 2586 (88.4) | 511 (71.2) |
Mean FEV1 score (SD) | 89.6 (22.3) | 84.9 (24.6)** | 93.1 (22.9) | 88.0 (24.0)** |
Phlegm: | ||||
Yes | 823 (32.6) | 194 (47.9)** | 547 (18.7) | 212 (29.5)** |
No | 1703 (67.4) | 211 (52.1) | 2379 (81.3) | 506 (70.5) |
Breathlessness: | ||||
Yes | 251 (10.0) | 120 (29.6)** | 313 (10.7) | 219 (30.6)** |
No | 2267 (90.0) | 285 (70.4) | 2605 (89.3) | 496 (69.4) |
Stroke: | ||||
Yes | 26 (1.0) | 11 (2.7)* | 18 (0.6) | 15 (2.1)** |
No | 2500 (99.0) | 394 (97.3) | 2908 (99.4) | 3611 (99.1) |
Diabetes: | ||||
Yes | 39 (1.5) | 4 (1.0) | 27 (0.9) | 10 (1.4) |
No | 2487 (98.5) | 401 (99.0) | 2899 (99.1) | 708 (98.6) |