Occupational based socioeconomic indicators: theoretical basis and group allocation
| Prestige, skills | Working relations | Social distance (in lifestyle, social interactions, resources) | Property of means of production and class relations—social class | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Registrar general’s social class | Erikson and Goldthorpe class scheme | Cambridge Scale | Wright | ||||
| I Professional II Intermediate III-N Skilled non-manual III-M Skilled manual IV Partly skilled V Unskilled VI Armed forces | I Higher grade professionals, administrators and officials; managers in large industrial establishments; large proprietors II Lower grade professionals, administrators and officials; higher grade technicians; managers in small industrial establishments; supervisors of non-manual employees IIIa Routine non-manual: higher | Continuous scale, can be arbitrarily grouped | 1 Capitalist 2 Small employer 3 Petty bourgeoisie 4 Expert manager 5 Skilled manager 6 Non-skilled manager 7 Expert supervisor | ||||
| IIIb Routine non-manual: lower | I Least advantaged | 8 Skilled supervisor | |||||
| IVa Small proprietors with employees | II | 9 Non-skilled supervisor | |||||
| IVb Self employed without employees | III | 10 Experts | |||||
| IVc Farmers/smallholders | IV | 11 Skilled workers | |||||
| V Foremen and technicians | … Most advantaged | 12 Non-skilled workers | |||||
| VI Skilled manual | |||||||
| VIIa Semi and unskilled manual | |||||||
| VIIb Agricultural workers | |||||||
| Education and income | |||||||
| American census classification | UK National Statistics classification (NS-SEC) | Lombardi,et al | |||||
| I Managerial and professional | 1 Higher managerial and professional employers | Underproletariat (unemployed and seasonal workers) | |||||
| II Technical, sales and administrative support | 2 Lower managerial and professional | Typical proletariat (unskilled and semiskilled workers in manual occupations) | |||||
| III Service occupations | 3 Intermediate employees | Atypical proletariat (unskilled and semiskilled in commerce and services) | |||||
| IV Farming, forestry, fishing | 4 Small employers and own account workers | Traditional small bourgeoisie (self employed, small business owners) | |||||
| V Precision production, craft, repair | 5 Lower supervisory, craft and related employees | New small bourgeoisie (university-trained professionals) Bourgeoisie (large business owners) | |||||
| VI | 6 Employees in semi-routine occupations | ||||||
| 7 Employees in routine occupations | |||||||
| 8 Never worked and long term unemployed | |||||||