Effects of adjusting for environmental, social and personal variables on associations between women’s education level and likelihood of leisure-time walking in multilevel logistic regression models*
| Variables | Model 1 (education only) | Model 2 (education and environmental mediators) | Model 3 (education,environmental and social mediators) | Model 4 (education,environmental, social and personal mediators) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Values are OR (95% CI). | ||||||||
| *Multilevel logistic regression models show the ORs for the likelihood of leisure-time walking according to education and environmental, social and personal variables. The median OR reflects the level-2 variation (ie the variation in the likelihood of leisure-time walking that is between neighbourhoods rather than between individuals). | ||||||||
| Education | ||||||||
| Up to 10 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 12 years/certificate/trade | 1.12 | 0.81 to 1.43 | 1.09 | 0.78 to 1.41 | 1.01 | 0.68 to 1.34 | 1.05 | 0.70 to 1.41 |
| University | 1.45 | 1.13 to 1.77 | 1.30 | 0.97 to 1.62 | 1.23 | 0.89 to 1.58 | 1.19 | 0.82 to 1.56 |
| Environmental variables | ||||||||
| Walking track length | ||||||||
| Lowest quartile | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Second quartile | 1.30 | 0.97 to 1.63 | 1.32 | 0.95 to 1.68 | 1.28 | 0.92 to 1.63 | ||
| Third quartile | 1.54 | 1.21 to 1.86 | 1.51 | 1.17 to 1.84 | 1.46 | 1.10 to 1.81 | ||
| Highest quartile | 1.17 | 0.82 to 1.51 | 1.23 | 0.87 to 1.58 | 1.32 | 0.94 to 1.69 | ||
| Not coastal neighbourhood | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Coastal neighbourhood | 1.78 | 1.38 to 2.19 | 1.60 | 1.19 to 2.02 | 1.46 | 1.02 to 1.90 | ||
| Neighbourhood aesthetics | ||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Mid | 1.14 | 0.84 to 1.44 | 1.05 | 0.74 to 1.37 | 0.90 | 0.57 to 1.24 | ||
| High | 1.53 | 1.18 to 1.88 | 1.36 | 0.99 to 1.72 | 1.00 | 0.61 to 1.39 | ||
| Neighbourhood safety | ||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Mid | 1.28 | 0.99 to 1.58 | 1.20 | 0.89 to 1.51 | 1.09 | 0.76 to 1.42 | ||
| High | 1.55 | 1.24 to 1.87 | 1.43 | 1.11 to 1.76 | 1.26 | 0.91 to 1.60 | ||
| Social variables | ||||||||
| Family social support | ||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mid | 1.12 | 0.84 to 1.41 | 1.01 | 0.70 to 1.31 | ||||
| High | 1.69 | 1.37 to 2.00 | 1.29 | 0.94 to 1.63 | ||||
| Friends’ social support | ||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mid | 1.38 | 1.10 to 1.66 | 1.39 | 1.09 to 1.69 | ||||
| High | 2.13 | 1.79 to 2.48 | 1.77 | 1.39 to 2.14 | ||||
| Club membership | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| No club membership | 0.85 | 0.57 to 1.13 | 0.96 | 0.65 to 1.27 | ||||
| Not dog owner | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Dog owner | 1.72 | 1.46 to 1.98 | 1.68 | 1.40 to 1.95 | ||||
| Personal variables | ||||||||
| Self-efficacy | ||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | |||||||
| Mid | 1.63 | 1.31 to 1.94 | ||||||
| High | 2.27 | 1.90 to 2.64 | ||||||
| Enjoyment | ||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | |||||||
| Mid | 1.81 | 1.51 to 2.11 | ||||||
| High | 2.71 | 2.36 to 3.05 | ||||||
| Barriers | ||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | |||||||
| Mid | 0.77 | 0.43 to 1.12 | ||||||
| High | 0.75 | 0.38 to 1.12 | ||||||
| Intentions | 1.00 | |||||||
| Low | 1.79 | 1.48 to 2.11 | ||||||
| Mid | 1.73 | 1.35 to 2.11 | ||||||
| High | ||||||||
| Random effects | ||||||||
| Area-level | ||||||||
| Median OR | 1.17 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||