Table 3 Summary statistics for research design and operational definition of area contours and exposure as a function of health indicator and time period
Coding dimensionsSelf rated healthCardiovascular morbidity and risk factorsMortalityTotal
1998–20022003–20051998–20051998–20022003–20051998–20051998–20022003–20051998–20051998–2005
n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)
Design
Cross sectional16 (41.0)23 (59.0)39 (100.0)10 (31.3)17 (53.1)27 (84.4)2 (11.8)3 (17.6)5 (29.4)71 (80.7)
Longitudinal0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)1 (3.1)3 (9.4)4 (12.5)3 (17.6)8 (47.1)11 (64.7)15 (17.0)
Case–control0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)1 (3.1)1 (3.1)0 (0.0)1 (5.9)1 (5.9)2 (2.3)
Total16 (41.0)23 (59.0)39 (100.0)11 (34.4)21 (65.6)32 (100.0)5 (29.4)12 (70.6)17 (100.0)88 (100.0)
Area definition
Administrative/statistical14 (35.9)19 (48.7)33 (84.6)11 (34.4)20 (62.5)31 (96.9)5 (29.4)10 (58.8)15 (88.2)79 (89.8)
Other2 (5.1)4 (10.3)6 (15.4)0 (0.0)1 (3.1)1 (3.1)0 (0.0)2 (11.8)2 (11.8)9 (10.2)
Total16 (41.0)23 (59.0)39 (100.0)11 (34.4)21 (65.6)32 (100.0)5 (29.4)12 (70.6)17 (100.0)88 (100.0)
Area exposures
Derived15 (26.3)20 (35.1)35 (89.7)8 (21.1)17 (44.7)25 (78.1)5 (22.7)12 (54.5)17 (100.0)77 (87.5)
Integral5 (8.8)13 (22.8)18 (46.2)3 (7.9)8 (29.6)11 (34.4)2 (9.1)3 (13.6)5 (29.4)34 (38.6)
None1 (1.8)3 (5.3)4 (10.3)0 (0.0)2 (5.3)2 (6.3)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)6 (6.8)
Total*21 (36.8)36 (63.2)39 (100.0)11 (28.9)27 (70.1)32 (100.0)7 (31.8)15 (68.1)17 (100.0)88 (100.0)
  • *Percentages do not add up to 100% because some studies used both derived and integral measures of area exposures.